Euphemisms & Other Useful Vocabulary on contemporary topics (for compositions)

Study some contemporary notions, concepts and terms to use in your compositions. Knowing a few key words/concepts on a topic may make you come across as an expert. Admittedly, you have to cast your net wide when learning vocabulary (having wide vocabulary is your greatest asset with your English), but every little bit helps. Happy browsing!

🎬 FILM & MEDIA

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence

Mature themes

Adult, complex topics

Use in reviews

The film tackles mature themes like trauma and loss.

Edgy content

Controversial elements

Neutral tone

It’s known for edgy content and pushing limits.

Emotionally intense

Very sad or dramatic

Softer than “tragic”

The story is emotionally intense but powerful.

Realistic portrayal

Honest, sometimes harsh depiction

Academic tone

It’s a realistic portrayal of poverty.

Visually stimulating

Bright or artistic

Avoids “overwhelming”

The visuals are stimulating and creative.

Suggestive scenes

Implied sexual content

Polite term

It contains a few suggestive scenes.

Loosely based on

Inspired by real events

Review-friendly

Loosely based on true events.

Predictable plot twists

Cliché moments

Soft criticism

The plot twists were a bit predictable.

Audience-friendly ending

Happy or neat conclusion

Use in analysis

The film offers an audience-friendly ending.

Genre-bending

Mixes types/styles

Trendy term

It’s a genre-bending action comedy.

Mild suspense

Not very scary

Review-friendly

The film creates mild suspense suitable for all ages.

Offbeat humor

Weird comedy

Softer than “bizarre”

Full of offbeat humor and odd characters.

Language warning

Strong language

Used in synopses

The show has a language warning.

Family-friendly

For all ages

Use in recommendations

It’s a family-friendly animation.

Slow-paced storytelling

Not much action

Polite critique

The slow-paced storytelling may test patience.

Artistic direction

Unique visuals

Use for style praise

The artistic direction was unforgettable.

Inspired casting

Clever actor choices

Soft praise

Inspired casting helped revive the role.

Visually driven narrative

Story told mostly via visuals

Artsy tone

A visually driven narrative with minimal dialogue.

Groundbreaking visuals

Innovative effects

Use for praise

It features groundbreaking visuals.

Cult favorite

Niche but loved

Use for hidden gems

Though overlooked, it became a cult favorite.

🎵 MUSIC & CULTURE

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Culturally rich	Diverse and interesting	Use to praise music/art	It’s a culturally rich album.
Retro vibe	Old-school style	Trendy term	The song has a retro vibe that appeals to teens.
Genre-defying	Doesn’t fit one style	Creative praise	A genre-defying masterpiece.
Up-and-coming artist	New and rising star	Better than “unknown”	An up-and-coming artist worth following.
Mature sound	Complex, adult tone	Use in reviews	The band has developed a more mature sound.
Socially aware lyrics	Talks about issues	Useful in analysis	The lyrics are socially aware and poetic.
Influenced by	Inspired by others	Avoids “copied”	Heavily influenced by 90s hip-hop.
Underrated	Better than people think	Supportive term	An underrated gem of an album.
Mainstream appeal	Popular with wide audience	Academic term	The single has clear mainstream appeal.
Musical nod	Reference or tribute	Use for respectful borrowing	A musical nod to The Beatles.
Acquired taste	Not liked instantly	Polite honesty	Their music is an acquired taste.
Visually immersive concert	Great light/video effects	Positive phrase	A visually immersive concert experience.
Lyrically playful	Fun or witty lyrics	Use in descriptions	The track is lyrically playful and ironic.
Musical storytelling	Song with a clear narrative	Literary crossover	A beautiful example of musical storytelling.
Inspired collaboration	Great team-up	Positive spin	An inspired collaboration between artists.
Eclectic mix	Variety of styles	Use for creative diversity	The playlist is an eclectic mix of jazz, funk, and pop.
Crossover success	Popular in multiple genres	Industry term	A rare crossover success.
Musically adventurous	Unusual sound	Praise for risks	The album is musically adventurous.
Underground scene	Indie or non-mainstream	Use in youth culture essays	He emerged from the underground scene.
Authentic voice	Honest expression	Positive term	An artist with an authentic voice.

🔬 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence

Artificial enhancement

Tech-assisted improvement

Often used in biotech

Artificial enhancement is common in sports medicine.

Smart solution

Tech-based answer

Polite, trendy

Smart solutions are needed in city planning.

Human error

Mistake made by a person

Used in official reports

The crash was caused by human error.

Digitally modified

Edited or altered

Use in media/AI contexts

Digitally modified voices raise ethical concerns.

Data-driven decision

Based on statistics

Use in science writing

A data-driven decision can reduce bias.

Genetic editing

Gene modification

Neutral term

Genetic editing sparks ethical debate.

Mechanized process

Done by machines

Neutral tone

A fully mechanized process saves time.

Enhanced intelligence

Smarter AI

Replaces “dangerous AI”

Enhanced intelligence could replace human jobs.

Precision medicine

Personalized treatment

Euphemism for complex genetic solutions

Precision medicine could revolutionize cancer care.

Innovative breakthrough

Major discovery

Use in science articles

A recent innovative breakthrough in robotics.

Unintended consequence

Negative side effect

Use in argumentation

Unintended consequences of social media include loneliness.

Automated system

Run by computers

Use in analysis

The factory uses automated systems.

Environmentally optimized

Designed to be eco-friendly

Tech & ecology crossover

An environmentally optimized building design.

Assistive technology

Tools for disabilities

Respectful term

Assistive technology helps students with learning differences.

Digital footprint

Online history

Polite term for surveillance

Your digital footprint lasts forever.

Bio-inspired design

Technology based on nature

Use in STEM essays

Bio-inspired design mimics spider webs.

Ethical implications

Moral concerns

Polite and academic

We must consider the ethical implications of AI.

Cloud-based

Stored online

Tech buzzword

A cloud-based platform is more flexible.

User experience

How people feel using tech

Trendy and soft

The update improves user experience.

Repurposed tech

Old tech used differently

Creative spin

Repurposed tech can reduce waste.

🌿 NATURE & ENVIRONMENT

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Green space	Park or natural area	Positive environmental term	The city plans to expand green spaces.
Light pollution	Excessive artificial light	Scientific but polite	Light pollution affects wildlife.
Natural balance	Ecosystem harmony	Use in conservation writing	Climate change disrupts natural balance.
Ecological footprint	Environmental impact	Polite and abstract	We must reduce our ecological footprint.
Biodiverse hotspot	Area with many species	Academic and positive	The Amazon is a biodiverse hotspot.
Eco-conscious	Environmentally aware	Modern, positive term	Many teens are becoming eco-conscious.
Habitat loss	Destruction of living areas	Softer than “wiping out nature”	Urban sprawl leads to habitat loss.
Nature-positive	Supports environmental growth	Emerging trend	We need a nature-positive future.
Sustainable use	Careful resource use	Policy-friendly	Sustainable use of forests is key.
Depleted resources	Running out	Scientific and neutral	Depleted resources affect global markets.
Wildlife corridor	Animal passage	Planning term	Wildlife corridors protect migrating species.
Renewable resource	Naturally replenished	Used in discussions on energy	Solar energy is a renewable resource.
Low-impact tourism	Eco-friendly travel	Euphemism for strict rules	Low-impact tourism is encouraged in national parks.
Ecosystem services	Nature’s benefits to humans	Use in formal writing	Forests provide key ecosystem services.
Climate resilience	Ability to withstand climate change	Policy term	Coastal cities need more climate resilience.
Greening cities	Adding plants/trees	Urban trend	Greening cities improves air quality.
Conservation strategy	Plan to protect nature	Euphemistic for restrictions	A strong conservation strategy is essential.
Endangered species	At risk of extinction	Polite but serious	Zoos help protect endangered species.
Carbon offset	Compensation for emissions	Popular in eco-policy	You can buy carbon offsets when flying.
Eco-restoration	Nature recovery	Positive tone	Eco-restoration takes time and planning.

🌍 SOCIETY & GLOBAL ISSUES

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Economically challenged	Poor or developing	Formal and neutral	Support was given to economically challenged regions.
Food insecurity	Hunger or lack of food	Policy language	Food insecurity is rising in urban areas.
At-risk youth	Vulnerable young people	Used in social services	Programs target at-risk youth in the city.
Social inequality	Unequal conditions	Broad and academic	Social inequality is a growing concern.
Marginalized groups	Pushed out of mainstream society	Neutral, respectful	Policies must include marginalized groups.
Income disparity	Gap between rich and poor	Useful for economics	The income disparity continues to widen.
Underserved communities	Lack resources and services	Respectful and neutral	Healthcare is expanding in underserved communities.
Housing instability	Homelessness or frequent moving	Softens the topic	Housing instability affects student performance.
Justice-involved individuals	People with criminal records	Very soft and formal	Justice-involved individuals face job discrimination.
Substance use disorder	Drug/alcohol addiction	Modern medical term	Support is offered for those with substance use disorders.
Conflict zone	War-torn area	Neutral and factual	The region has become a conflict zone.
Forced displacement	People made to leave home	Euphemism for refugee crises	Climate change causes forced displacement.
Affordable housing shortage	Not enough cheap homes	Formal usage	The city faces an affordable housing shortage.
Economic migration	Moving for work or money	Softer than “fleeing poverty”	Many arrive through economic migration.
Social unrest	Protests, strikes, or riots	Academic and measured	The country is experiencing social unrest.
Underrepresented voices	People rarely heard or noticed	Use in cultural/social essays	The film amplifies underrepresented voices.
Historically disadvantaged	Oppressed in the past	Use when talking about race/gender/equality	Policies must address historically disadvantaged communities.
Reintegration programs	Help for former prisoners	Use in discussions on criminal justice	Reintegration programs are essential for reducing reoffending.
Systemic barriers	Built-in obstacles	Use in social justice writing	Systemic barriers limit access to education.
Gender-inclusive	Open to all gender identities	Modern and respectful	The event is gender-inclusive and welcoming.

🎓 STUDIES & EDUCATION

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Academic support	Extra help	Formal, positive	The school offers academic support in English.
Diverse learning styles	Different ways of learning	Respectful term	Teachers adapt to diverse learning styles.
Extended deadline	Late submission allowed	Use in academic writing	An extended deadline was granted.
Academic dishonesty	Cheating or plagiarism	Polite and formal	Academic dishonesty leads to serious consequences.
Independent study	Self-guided learning	Use to promote autonomy	She chose an independent study on psychology.
Educational gap	Missed knowledge	Neutral term	There’s an educational gap post-COVID.
Grade inflation	Higher grades without higher quality	Neutral and analytical	Some worry about grade inflation.
Inclusive classroom	Welcoming to all students	Progressive and neutral	An inclusive classroom benefits everyone.
Neurodiverse learners	Students with cognitive differences	Modern and respectful	Neurodiverse learners need flexible methods.
Assessment criteria	Grading rules	Use when explaining results	Check the assessment criteria carefully.
Alternative education	Non-traditional schooling	Respectful and flexible	Alternative education suits creative learners.
Academic probation	Warning for poor grades	Polite term	He was placed on academic probation.
Learning environment	School/class context	Formal term	The learning environment influences motivation.
Educator-guided	Teacher-led	Softer, less strict tone	The project was educator-guided but student-driven.
Intellectual curiosity	Interest in learning	Positive quality	Universities value intellectual curiosity.
Special accommodations	Extra help for learning differences	Inclusive term	She received special accommodations during exams.
Standardized testing	National-level tests	Formal term	Standardized testing is often controversial.
Hybrid learning	Online + in-person	Modern and flexible	Hybrid learning is here to stay.
Peer interaction	Social learning	Education-speak	Peer interaction boosts engagement.
Academic excellence	High performance	Polished term	The scholarship rewards academic excellence.

🧳 TRAVEL & LIFESTYLE

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Budget traveler	Traveling cheaply	Neutral tone	As a budget traveler, he stays in hostels.
Remote destination	Faraway place	Softer than “isolated”	They went to a remote destination in Lapland.
Cultural immersion	Deep experience of culture	Use positively	Cultural immersion helps language learning.
Seasonal work	Temporary jobs in tourism/farming	Euphemistic job term	She did seasonal work in Italy.
Working holiday	Travel while doing short-term jobs	Use in lifestyle writing	A working holiday broadened his horizons.
Culturally sensitive	Respectful toward other cultures	Diplomatic tone	Travelers should remain culturally sensitive.
Slow travel	Travel at a relaxed pace	Eco/lifestyle trend	Slow travel lets you enjoy every moment.
Digital nomad	Works online while traveling	Trendy term	She lives as a digital nomad in Portugal.
Off-season visit	Travel outside peak months	Budget-friendly phrasing	We got discounts by visiting off-season.
Hidden gem	Undiscovered place	Trendy in blogs	This café is a hidden gem in the city.
Overtourism	Too many tourists	Policy/activist language	Overtourism damages fragile ecosystems.
Sustainable tourism	Travel with minimal impact	Use in travel essays	Sustainable tourism supports local communities.
Local experience	Avoiding tourist spots	Euphemism for “authentic”	He prefers a local experience over resorts.
Wellness retreat	Travel for relaxation	Lifestyle marketing term	She booked a wellness retreat in Bali.
Culturally enriching	Educational and valuable	Use in argumentation	Travel can be culturally enriching.
Eco-lodge	Environmentally friendly accommodation	Trendy and green	They stayed in an eco-lodge by the river.
Solo travel	Traveling alone	Trendy lifestyle phrase	Solo travel helped her gain confidence.
Transit hub	Airport/train center	Use in travel analysis	Helsinki is a key transit hub.
Scenic route	Beautiful but longer path	Euphemism for detour	We took the scenic route along the coast.
Red-eye flight	Overnight flight	Softens the discomfort	We took a red-eye to London.

🌎 CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Greenhouse gas emissions	Gases causing warming	Formal and common	Greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced.
Carbon footprint	Individual impact on the planet	Very common term	Try to lower your carbon footprint.
Extreme weather event	Flood, fire, storm	Academic and soft	Extreme weather events are becoming frequent.
Climate adaptation	Adjusting to climate change	Forward-looking phrase	Cities are planning climate adaptation strategies.
Energy-efficient	Uses less power	Green-tech term	Energy-efficient buildings cut costs.
Low-emission vehicle	Eco-friendly car	Marketing term	They drive a low-emission vehicle.
Green innovation	Eco-inventive ideas	Positive and vague	Green innovation is the key to sustainability.
Climate-conscious choices	Eco-friendly decisions	Common in lifestyle writing	Climate-conscious choices include cycling to school.
Sustainable development	Growth without harm	Policy & academic term	The UN promotes sustainable development.
Eco-anxiety	Worry about the planet	Youth-related issue	More teens suffer from eco-anxiety.
Natural disaster	Earthquake, flood, etc.	Polite, formal	Natural disasters affect millions.
Zero waste	Producing no trash	Lifestyle & tech buzzword	Zero waste stores are popping up.
Environmental stewardship	Responsibility for nature	Use in argumentation	We must practice environmental stewardship.
Carbon neutral	Balanced emissions	Use in corporate/academic writing	This company is carbon neutral.
Climate tipping point	Irreversible change	Scientific term	We’re approaching a climate tipping point.
Eco-footprint	Environmental impact	Variant of carbon footprint	Flying increases your eco-footprint.
Climate-friendly	Better for the planet	Broad positive term	Climate-friendly diets include plant-based foods.
Greenwashing	Pretending to be eco-friendly	Critical euphemism	Some companies are guilty of greenwashing.
Resilient ecosystems	Systems that recover from damage	Academic tone	Resilient ecosystems can survive drought.
Urban heat island	City temperatures higher than rural areas	Formal	Urban heat islands are growing with climate change.

🧘 HOBBIES & WELL-BEING

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Me time	Personal relaxation time	Popular and relatable	Everyone needs some me time.
Digital detox	Break from screens	Modern trend	I took a digital detox last weekend.
Creative outlet	Hobby for expression	Use in mental health contexts	Painting became her creative outlet.
Unplug and unwind	Rest and relax	Lifestyle language	I unplug and unwind with a book.
Life balance	Work-rest harmony	Use in well-being writing	She’s striving for better life balance.
Low-impact activity	Easy on the body	Fitness-friendly	Yoga is a low-impact activity.
Wellness routine	Daily health habit	Common in fitness writing	His wellness routine includes meditation.
Personal growth	Self-improvement	Use in reflection	Volunteering helped my personal growth.
Mindful living	Focused, thoughtful life	Popular in blogs	Mindful living reduces stress.
Self-compassion	Being kind to oneself	Mental health term	Self-compassion helps fight burnout.
Recharge your batteries	Rest	Casual phrase	I need the weekend to recharge my batteries.
Mental reset	Pause to refocus	Positive tone	Summer break offers a mental reset.
Intentional living	Living with purpose	Lifestyle writing	She follows intentional living principles.
Hobbyist	Non-professional participant	Use in clubs/activities	I’m just a hobbyist photographer.
Well-being check-in	Reflecting on health	Modern workplace phrase	Let’s do a well-being check-in.
Restorative practice	Calming activity	Use for meditation/yoga	Journaling is a restorative practice.
Growth mindset	Belief in improvement	Academic/mental health overlap	Students with a growth mindset succeed more.
Burnout prevention	Avoiding exhaustion	Use in well-being articles	Breaks are essential for burnout prevention.
Self-paced hobby	Done at your own speed	Encouraging phrase	Writing can be a self-paced hobby.
Mental wellness	Mental health	Softer, positive term	Schools are focusing more on mental wellness.

⚧️ GENDER EQUALITY

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Gender pay gap	Difference in wages	Common academic phrase	The gender pay gap persists across many sectors.
Gender parity	Equal representation	Positive framing	The company is striving for gender parity in leadership.
Underrepresented gender	Gender group with low numbers	Inclusive tone	STEM fields still lack the underrepresented gender.
Non-binary identity	Not identifying strictly as male/female	Modern, inclusive	The form now includes a non-binary identity option.
Gender-diverse team	Mixed-gender group	Positive framing	A gender-diverse team improves collaboration.
Gender-sensitive policy	Aware of gender differences	Use in formal writing	Schools implement gender-sensitive policies.
Glass ceiling	Invisible limit to promotion	Metaphor for gender barriers	Many women face the glass ceiling in corporate life.
Male-dominated field	Mostly men	Neutral phrasing	Engineering is often seen as a male-dominated field.
Breaking gender norms	Challenging stereotypes	Use in essays	She’s breaking gender norms by becoming a firefighter.
Gender-inclusive language	Avoids bias	Popular writing topic	Gender-inclusive language promotes fairness.
Implicit bias	Unconscious gender prejudice	Use in argumentative texts	Implicit bias affects hiring practices.
Feminine-coded/masculine-coded	Gender-associated traits	Use in social commentary	Teaching is still seen as feminine-coded work.
Equal opportunity employer	Treats all fairly	Official tone	The firm describes itself as an equal opportunity employer.
Work–life balance for all	Shared family/work roles	Euphemism for equal parenting	Work–life balance for all is a key goal.
Gender-sensitive training	Awareness-raising education	Use in workplace contexts	Staff attended gender-sensitive training.
Flexible parental leave	Shared child-care leave	Modern policy term	Flexible parental leave encourages equality at home.
Gender mainstreaming	Adding gender perspective to all decisions	Use in academic writing	Gender mainstreaming improves policy outcomes.
Feminist ally	Male supporter of equality	Diplomatic label	He identifies as a feminist ally.
Gender-blind approach	No attention to gender	Criticized in some contexts	A gender-blind approach may ignore real inequalities.
Representation matters	Seeing your gender/identity reflected	Common slogan	In politics and media, representation matters.

🧠 MENTAL HEALTH

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Emotional well-being	Mental health	Softer phrasing	Schools should promote emotional well-being.
Mental wellness	Positive mental health	Trendy and optimistic	Mental wellness starts with sleep and support.
Struggling silently	Hiding mental pain	Common in youth topics	Many teens are struggling silently.
Inner challenges	Emotional/psychological difficulties	Soft tone	She’s facing inner challenges after the breakup.
Seeking help	Going to therapy	Encouraging phrase	There’s no shame in seeking help.
Coping mechanisms	Ways to deal with stress	Psychological term	Some develop healthy coping mechanisms, others don’t.
Psychological safety	Safe to express feelings	Workplace & school use	Classrooms must ensure psychological safety.
Neurodivergent	Different brain wiring (e.g., ADHD)	Inclusive term	Neurodivergent students thrive with support.
Mood disorder	Depression, bipolar, etc.	Medical euphemism	Mood disorders are more common than you think.
Burnout	Emotional exhaustion	Common and student-relevant	She took a break due to burnout.
Social withdrawal	Isolating oneself	Soft alternative to depression	Social withdrawal is often a warning sign.
Crisis support	Emergency mental health help	Use in public services	They offer 24/7 crisis support.
Low motivation	Lack of interest or drive	Less harsh than “lazy”	Low motivation can be a symptom, not a weakness.
Feeling overwhelmed	Emotionally overloaded	Gentle expression	He was feeling overwhelmed and needed rest.
Invisible illness	Illness without physical symptoms	Used to build empathy	Depression is often an invisible illness.
Mental health days	Time off for emotional rest	Common in youth contexts	Some schools allow mental health days.
Wellness break	Brief pause for self-care	Positive spin	Take a wellness break to recharge.
Personal struggles	Difficult experiences	Very broad, polite	Everyone has personal struggles sometimes.
Emotional fatigue	Drained feelings	Often used in work/school settings	Constant stress can cause emotional fatigue.
Mind–body connection	Link between emotions and physical health	Use in health essays	Yoga helps strengthen the mind–body connection.

🚗 TRAFFIC & DRIVING

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Traffic incident	Accident	Neutral and formal	There was a traffic incident on the highway.
Driver error	Human mistake	Often used in reports	The crash was caused by driver error.
Heavy congestion	Traffic jam	Urban planning term	Heavy congestion delayed the bus.
Reduced visibility	Hard to see	Weather-related	Fog caused reduced visibility.
Over the speed limit	Speeding	Neutral phrasing	He was caught driving over the speed limit.
Careless driving	Not paying attention	Legal euphemism	Careless driving leads to fines.
Driving under the influence	Drunk driving	Formal legal term	Driving under the influence is a major offense.
Distracted driving	Using phone/texting	Used in safety campaigns	Distracted driving causes accidents.
Traffic calming	Slowing cars	Euphemism for speed bumps or narrowing roads	Traffic calming measures were added near schools.
Vehicle malfunction	Car problem	Used to avoid blaming driver	The crash was caused by a vehicle malfunction.
Road user	Pedestrian, cyclist, or driver	Inclusive term	All road users must obey the rules.
Aggressive driving	Road rage	Polite and formal	Aggressive driving puts others at risk.
Reduced speed zone	Area with lower limits	Polite for “slow area”	You’re entering a reduced speed zone.
Driver fatigue	Sleepy or exhausted driver	Polite warning term	Driver fatigue is a major safety concern.
Traffic flow optimization	Smoother driving	Used in planning	New lights aim for traffic flow optimization.
Unlicensed operator	Driver without a license	Legal jargon	An unlicensed operator caused the collision.
Collision avoidance system	Tech to prevent crashes	Use in tech or car ads	New cars come with collision avoidance systems.
Close call	Nearly an accident	Casual euphemism	That was a close call at the intersection.
Speed enforcement	Catching speeders	Euphemism for traffic police or cameras	Speed enforcement is active near the tunnel.
Traffic violation	Breaking road rules	General legal term	She was fined for a traffic violation.

🕵️ CRIME

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Criminal activity	Illegal acts	Neutral blanket term	The area has seen increased criminal activity.
Unlawful behavior	Breaking the law	Academic/legal tone	The suspect engaged in unlawful behavior.
Financial misconduct	Stealing or cheating with money	Use in white-collar crime	The company’s CEO was fired for financial misconduct.
Taking without permission	Theft	Polite and child-friendly	He was caught taking without permission.
Wrongdoing	General misbehavior	Useful for vague situations	She denied any wrongdoing.
Breaking and entering	Entering a building illegally	Common legal euphemism	He was charged with breaking and entering.
Repeat offender	Person who commits crimes again	Use in argumentation	Rehabilitation is harder for repeat offenders.
Petty theft	Minor stealing	Use in legal or formal texts	He was convicted of petty theft.
White-collar crime	Fraud, embezzlement	Euphemism for business-related crime	White-collar crime often goes unnoticed.
Non-violent offense	Crime without physical harm	Use when discussing justice reform	Non-violent offenses should be treated differently.
Serving time	In prison	Casual euphemism	He’s currently serving time for robbery.
Correctional facility	Prison	Polite, formal alternative	She works at a correctional facility.
Incarcerated individual	Prisoner	Neutral and respectful	Support programs help incarcerated individuals rebuild.
Youth detention	Juvenile prison	Softer expression	He was sent to youth detention at 16.
Criminal record	History of offenses	Formal term	A criminal record can affect employment.
Law enforcement	Police	Formal, neutral	Law enforcement responded quickly.
Organized activity	Organized crime	Euphemism in reports	Authorities are investigating organized activity.
Illegal possession	Having something forbidden (e.g., drugs, weapons)	Formal	He was charged with illegal possession.
Misuse of authority	Abuse of power	Often in political contexts	The mayor resigned over allegations of misuse of authority.
Under investigation	Being looked into	Use to avoid direct accusation	The matter is still under investigation.

🏃‍♂️ HEALTH & FITNESS

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Under the weather	Feeling ill	Informal, friendly tone	She’s feeling under the weather today.
Carrying a few extra pounds	Slightly overweight	Polite alternative	He joked about carrying a few extra pounds.
In shape	Fit and healthy	Common and positive	She works out to stay in shape.
Let oneself go	Stopped exercising/self-care	Semi-polite	After the holidays, he let himself go.
Health-conscious	Focused on well-being	Trendy, positive term	Health-conscious people avoid processed foods.
Getting on in years	Aging	Mild and respectful	He’s getting on in years but still runs daily.
Minor procedure	Small operation	Medical euphemism	She had a minor procedure on her knee.
Well-rounded diet	Balanced eating	Common health advice	A well-rounded diet includes all food groups.
Watch one’s intake	Be careful with food/drink	Soft warning	You should watch your sugar intake.
Take a break	Pause from exercise	Encouraging self-care	Even athletes need to take a break sometimes.
A bit rusty	Out of practice	Friendly tone	I’m a bit rusty at yoga after the break.
Detox	Cleanse body	Trendy, vague term	Many people go on a detox after New Year’s.
Trim down	Lose weight	Polite alternative	He’s trying to trim down before summer.
Tighten up	Build muscle tone	Common in fitness ads	These exercises help tighten up your core.
Reboot your system	Reset your health habits	Buzzword-y	It’s time to reboot your system with clean eating.
No stranger to the gym	Goes regularly	Friendly way of saying fit	She’s no stranger to the gym, clearly.
Low-impact exercise	Gentle activity	For injury or seniors	Swimming is great as a low-impact exercise.
Feeling sluggish	Low energy	Soft way to say tired/unwell	I’m feeling sluggish after all that pizza.
Mind–body balance	Harmony between emotions and health	Wellness lingo	Yoga is all about mind–body balance.
Get back on track	Resume healthy habits	Positive framing	This week, I’m getting back on track.

🗳️ POLITICS

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Alternative facts	False claims	Often used ironically	The politician defended his statement as alternative facts.
Working across the aisle	Cooperating with other parties	Used in diplomacy	He is known for working across the aisle.
Grassroots movement	Community-based initiative	Positive framing	The policy began as a grassroots movement.
Spin	Biased presentation of facts	Often critical	The minister put a positive spin on the budget.
Soft power	Cultural/diplomatic influence	Often contrasted with military	Finland exercises soft power through education.
Regime change	Overthrowing a government	Euphemism in foreign policy	They supported regime change in the region.
Special military operation	Invasion or attack	Euphemism for war	The government called it a special military operation.
Political correctness	Avoiding offensive language	Sometimes used pejoratively	Some view political correctness as restricting speech.
Campaign promises	Pledges made to win votes	Often broken	Many campaign promises never materialize.
Public servant	Government worker	Positive phrasing	She’s a public servant in the Ministry of Education.
Electoral setback	Lost election or bad result	Polite phrasing	The party suffered an electoral setback.
Policy shift	Change in rules/laws	Neutral phrasing	There’s been a major policy shift in immigration.
Under scrutiny	Being investigated	Used for politicians	The minister is under scrutiny for spending habits.
Make tough choices	Cut services or raise taxes	Used in speeches	Governments must sometimes make tough choices.
Populist rhetoric	Appealing to public emotions	Often critical	Populist rhetoric won them quick support.
Level playing field	Equal chances	Positive phrasing	We aim to create a level playing field for all.
Coalition talks	Negotiations between parties	Use in parliamentary systems	Coalition talks are ongoing after the election.
Transparency issues	Secrecy or cover-ups	Polite wording	The government faces transparency issues.
Sound policy	Well-designed laws	Used to praise decisions	This is a sound policy with long-term benefits.
On the fence	Undecided	Common in political debate	Many voters are still on the fence.

✝️ RELIGION & BELIEF

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Called home	Died	Religious euphemism for death	He was called home last Sunday.
Higher power	God or divine force	Inclusive term	Some believe in a higher power guiding us.
Practicing	Actively religious	Common adjective	He’s a practicing Catholic.
Spiritual but not religious	Believes in something, not organized religion	Modern identity	She identifies as spiritual but not religious.
Worship space	Church, mosque, temple	Inclusive term	A new worship space opened in the city center.
Faith-based organization	Religious charity/group	Use in neutral writing	They partner with faith-based organizations.
Religious calling	Feeling drawn to a faith role	Use in essays or interviews	She answered her religious calling at 20.
Sacred traditions	Important religious customs	Neutral, respectful	The sacred traditions are passed down each generation.
Interfaith dialogue	Conversation between religions	Promotes peace & tolerance	Interfaith dialogue is key in diverse societies.
Religious holiday	Holy day	Inclusive alternative	Many students observe religious holidays.
Passed away	Died	Polite euphemism	Her grandfather passed away last night.
Blessing in disguise	Unexpected good outcome	Based in religious language	Losing that job was a blessing in disguise.
Observant	Follows religious rules	Respectful label	She’s an observant Jew.
Eternal rest	Death	Church usage	He was laid to eternal rest yesterday.
Take the moral high ground	Act ethically	Polite way to praise behavior	They took the moral high ground in the debate.
Scriptural values	Values from holy texts	Use in faith discussions	The school promotes scriptural values.
Religious freedom	Right to practice any faith	Used in law and society	Religious freedom is a basic right.
Outreach	Faith-based support work	Used by religious groups	Church outreach helps homeless youth.
Come to faith	Convert to a religion	Gentle way to express change	He came to faith in his twenties.
Seek enlightenment	Search for truth or purpose	Often in Buddhism	Many travel east to seek enlightenment.

💻 DIGITAL LIFE & SOCIAL MEDIA

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Curate your feed	Choose what to follow	Buzzword, social media	Teens are advised to curate their feed for positivity.
Digital detox	Taking a break from screens	Trendy health term	A weekend digital detox felt refreshing.
Go viral	Spread quickly online	Informal media slang	Her dance video went viral overnight.
Online persona	How one presents oneself	Euphemism for image crafting	His online persona is very different from real life.
Echo chamber	Space with only like-minded views	Critical tone	Social media can become an echo chamber.
Troll	Person who provokes others	Euphemism for online bully	Don’t feed the trolls.
Digital footprint	Online history	Used in tech education	Think before you post — your digital footprint matters.
Sharing economy	Online platform-based services	Business euphemism	The sharing economy includes Airbnb and Uber.
Unplug	Disconnect from tech	Gentle phrasing	She decided to unplug for the evening.
Online presence	Activity on the internet	Often in job contexts	He maintains a strong online presence.
Clickbait	Misleading headline	Euphemism for manipulation	That article was pure clickbait.
Oversharing	Posting too much personal info	Common teen concern	She tends to overshare on Instagram.
User-generated content	Content made by people, not companies	Media studies term	TikTok thrives on user-generated content.
Filter bubble	Personalized content trap	Critical digital term	Algorithms can create a filter bubble.
Tech fatigue	Overwhelmed by devices	Soft way to say screen burnout	Many students report tech fatigue.
Influencer	Social media personality	Euphemism for paid promoter	She works as a beauty influencer.
Upvote/downvote	Approve/disapprove online	Common Reddit lingo	Users can upvote helpful comments.
Reframe the narrative	Change how something’s seen	Used in media analysis	The campaign reframed the narrative on privacy.
Algorithmic bias	Prejudice in computer decision-making	Digital ethics topic	Algorithmic bias affects job ads and policing.
Mute/unfollow	Stop seeing content without unfriending	Polite action	She muted him after too many rants.

💼 WORK & CAREERS

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Let go	Fired or laid off	Polite, formal tone	He was let go during company downsizing.
Downsizing	Reducing staff	Business term	The company is undergoing downsizing.
Pursuing new opportunities	Unemployed or job hunting	Resume-friendly	I’m currently pursuing new opportunities.
Between jobs	Unemployed	Softer alternative	He’s between jobs right now.
Overqualified	Too experienced (rejected)	Polite rejection term	They said I was overqualified for the role.
Stepped down	Resigned from position	Used for leaders	The CEO stepped down last month.
In transition	Changing careers or roles	Vague but positive	I’m currently in transition career-wise.
Took early retirement	Left job before official age	Polite phrase	He took early retirement at 55.
Team player	Cooperative person	Popular job description	We need a team player for this role.
Flexible hours	Unpredictable or long hours	Euphemism in ads	The job offers flexible hours.
Growth opportunity	Promotion or challenge ahead	Appealing in ads	It’s a great growth opportunity.
Self-starter	Works independently	Resume buzzword	They’re looking for a self-starter.
Performance review	Evaluation of work	Can include criticism	My performance review is next week.
Temporary assignment	Short-term job	Softer than “gig”	I’m on a temporary assignment in sales.
Resource reallocation	Cutting jobs or departments	Business jargon	There’s been some resource reallocation.
Laid off	Lost job due to company, not self	Neutral term	She was laid off during the merger.
Lateral move	Changing to an equal role	Avoids saying “no promotion”	He made a lateral move to marketing.
Contractor	Not permanent staff	Modern job label	I work as an independent contractor.
Career break	Pause from work	Polite phrasing	She took a career break to raise her kids.
Outplacement	Support after job loss	HR euphemism	They offer outplacement services after layoffs.

👵 AGING & DEATH

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Passed away	Died	Common, polite	Her grandmother passed away yesterday.
No longer with us	Died	Polite and vague	He’s no longer with us.
Departed	Died	Formal, poetic	We remember the departed with love.
Late (e.g. the late Mr Smith)	Deceased	Formal/obituary use	The late professor was much respected.
In a better place	Died (religious comfort)	Common at funerals	We believe she’s in a better place now.
Gone to sleep	Died (used for children)	Very gentle	He just went to sleep forever.
Meet one’s maker	Died	Religious/humorous	He finally met his maker.
Kicked the bucket	Died	Humorous/slang	He kicked the bucket at 92.
Six feet under	Dead and buried	Colloquial, informal	He’s six feet under now.
Over the hill	Getting old	Joking, mild insult	You’re 40 now – over the hill!
Senior citizen	Elderly person	Respectful term	Senior citizens get a discount.
Golden years	Retirement age	Positive spin	They’re enjoying their golden years.
Chronologically gifted	Old	Playful, joking	My dad says he’s just chronologically gifted.
Retired from life	Died	Euphemistic phrase	He has officially retired from life.
Well-preserved	Looks young for age	Compliment with edge	She’s 70 and well-preserved.
Vintage	Old, in a classy way	Positive spin	He’s not old—he’s vintage.
Resting in peace	Dead (religious or formal)	Common phrase	May he rest in peace.
Checked out	Died	Casual/slang	He checked out last week.
Final journey	Death	Used in eulogies	Her final journey was peaceful.
Third act of life	Old age	Used in writing/speeches	They embraced their third act with joy.

⚔️ WAR & CONFLICT

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Collateral damage	Unintended civilian harm	Military-speak	There was significant collateral damage.
Friendly fire	Accidental shooting by own side	Cold, technical term	The deaths were due to friendly fire.
Kinetic operation	Use of military force	Politically vague	They launched a kinetic operation at dawn.
Neutralize the target	Kill or destroy	Sanitized military term	The target was neutralized.
Conflict zone	War area	Vague but common	Journalists avoid conflict zones.
Engage the enemy	Attack or fight	Euphemistic	Troops engaged the enemy at 0500.
Humanitarian intervention	Military aid framed as help	Politically loaded	It was a humanitarian intervention.
Detained	Captured or imprisoned	Legal term	The suspect was detained by security forces.
Boots on the ground	Troops deployed	Euphemism for war presence	We have boots on the ground now.
Air support	Bombing or air strikes	Softer phrasing	We’re calling in air support.
Regime change	Overthrow government	Politically euphemistic	They supported regime change.
Ceasefire	Pause in war	Common term	A ceasefire was declared on Monday.
Tensions escalated	Fighting broke out	Vague media phrasing	Tensions escalated in the region.
Precision strike	Targeted bombing	Sounds technical	A precision strike hit the convoy.
Security operation	Military action	Euphemism for crackdown	A major security operation is underway.
Non-combatant	Civilian	Military jargon	Non-combatants were caught in the crossfire.
De-escalation	Reduce violence	Peace talk term	We urge de-escalation in the area.
Enhanced interrogation	Torture	Controversial euphemism	The use of enhanced interrogation was condemned.
Strategic withdrawal	Retreat	Polite phrasing	A strategic withdrawal was ordered.
Hostile engagement	Firefight or attack	Cold and formal	There was a hostile engagement at the border.

💘 RELATIONSHIPS & DATING

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Seeing someone	Dating	Vague, common	Are you seeing someone right now?
On a break	Temporarily not together	Made famous by sitcoms	We’re on a break – don’t ask!
It’s complicated	Unclear relationship status	Facebook-famous	Our status? It’s complicated.
Hook up	Casual physical meeting	Informal/slang	They hooked up at the party.
Move on	Emotionally recover	Common breakup term	It’s time to move on.
No strings attached	Casual relationship	Often used online	It was a no-strings-attached thing.
Fell out of love	Grew apart emotionally	Used in breakups	They just fell out of love.
Seeing other people	Not exclusive	Euphemism for dating others	We’re seeing other people now.
Go your separate ways	Break up	Polite phrasing	They decided to go their separate ways.
Had a thing	Brief romance	Casual, vague	They had a thing last summer.
Friends with benefits	Friends + physical relationship	Euphemism for casual sex	They’re just friends with benefits.
Rebound	New relationship after breakup	Often short-term	Is she just a rebound?
Take a step back	Pause or slow relationship	Polite softening	We’re taking a step back for now.
Seeing where it goes	Uncertain relationship stage	Polite vagueness	We’re just seeing where it goes.
Emotionally unavailable	Not ready for love	Polite excuse	He’s emotionally unavailable.
Parted ways	Broke up	Formal/neutral tone	They parted ways last month.
Fooling around	Casual physical contact	Playful/slang	They were fooling around in high school.
The spark is gone	No longer attracted	Polite explanation	We stayed friends, but the spark was gone.
Open relationship	Partners see others	Used in polyamory contexts	They’re in an open relationship.
Seeing someone else	Dating a new person	Often used in breakups	He’s seeing someone else now.

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 FAMILY & PARENTING

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Bundle of joy	Baby	Cheerful, affectionate	They welcomed a new bundle of joy last week.
Expecting	Pregnant	Common, polite	She’s expecting in November.
Got a bun in the oven	Pregnant	Informal, playful	She’s got a bun in the oven again!
Blessing in disguise	Unexpected but positive child	Used in reflection	Our surprise baby turned out to be a blessing in disguise.
Unplanned blessing	Unplanned pregnancy	Gentle term	It was an unplanned blessing.
Stay-at-home parent	Doesn’t work outside the home	Modern term	He’s a stay-at-home dad now.
Little one	Child	Warm and generic	We need to pick up the little one.
Empty nest	Children have moved out	Often used by parents	They’re adjusting to an empty nest.
Family time	Time spent with loved ones	Positive phrase	We prioritize family time on weekends.
Quality time	Meaningful time with family	Common parenting term	She makes sure to spend quality time with her kids.
Helicopter parent	Overprotective parent	Slightly critical	He’s a bit of a helicopter parent.
Tiger parent	Strict, high-expectation parent	Often cultural	Her mom is a real tiger parent.
Blended family	Step-family	Modern, inclusive term	They’re a happy blended family.
Chosen family	Close friends treated as family	LGBTQ+ inclusive	She’s part of my chosen family.
In the family way	Pregnant	Old-fashioned, polite	She’s in the family way.
Discipline issues	Child misbehavior	Softer phrasing	The teacher noted some discipline issues.
Time-out	Non-punitive punishment	Common parenting term	He had to sit in time-out.
Difficult phase	Bad behavior period	Neutral phrase	She’s just going through a difficult phase.
Split custody	Shared parenting after divorce	Legal and emotional term	They agreed on split custody.
Hands full	Managing many children	Euphemistic understatement	With four kids, she’s got her hands full.

💰 ECONOMICS & MONEY

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Economically challenged	Poor	Polite and formal	Many families are economically challenged.
Tight on cash	Low on money	Common, casual	We’re a bit tight on cash this month.
Financially stretched	Facing financial strain	More formal	Many students are financially stretched.
Living paycheck to paycheck	Barely managing	Realistic expression	Millions live paycheck to paycheck.
Make ends meet	Manage financially	Common phrase	They struggle to make ends meet.
On a budget	Spending carefully	Often sounds positive	We’re traveling on a budget.
Cost-cutting	Reducing expenses	Business term	The school introduced cost-cutting measures.
Downsized lifestyle	Reduced expenses	Euphemistic for decline	They’re living a downsized lifestyle.
Negative cash flow	Losing money	Business-speak	The company faces negative cash flow.
Rainy day fund	Emergency savings	Positive financial planning term	Use your rainy day fund wisely.
Affordable housing	Low-cost accommodation	Formal/neutral	They need more affordable housing.
Economically viable	Financially possible	Polished phrasing	The plan must be economically viable.
Price adjustment	Price increase	Polite marketing term	A price adjustment is coming in August.
Creative financing	Risky financial methods	Used in real estate	They used creative financing to buy the house.
Under the table	Cash payments (often illegal)	Informal, shady	He’s paid under the table.
Financial setback	Loss or hardship	Neutral tone	They suffered a financial setback last year.
Temporary hardship	Short-term poverty	Hopeful tone	It’s just a temporary hardship.
Cost of living crisis	Prices too high to live comfortably	Modern media term	The cost of living crisis affects us all.
Economic slowdown	Recession	Softer term	We’re facing an economic slowdown.
Subsidized	Government-assisted	Often in education/housing	They live in subsidized housing.

⚖️ LAW & JUSTICE

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Incarcerated	In prison	Formal/legal term	He was incarcerated for five years.
Correctional facility	Prison	Neutral/formal	He works in a correctional facility.
Serving time	In prison	Colloquial	She’s serving time for theft.
In custody	Arrested or detained	Police/legal usage	The suspect is in custody.
Did time	Was imprisoned	Informal/slang	He did time in his twenties.
Behind bars	In jail	Figurative and clear	She’s behind bars for fraud.
In trouble with the law	Committed a crime	Vague and soft	He’s in trouble with the law again.
Taken into custody	Arrested	Formal	She was taken into custody peacefully.
Person of interest	Possible suspect	Neutral phrasing	He’s a person of interest in the case.
Rehabilitation	Reforming criminals	Positive emphasis	The prison focuses on rehabilitation.
Alleged offender	Not yet proven guilty	Legal caution	The alleged offender denied charges.
Mistaken identity	Wrong person arrested	Euphemism for error	It turned out to be mistaken identity.
Plea bargain	Deal to reduce sentence	Legal process term	He accepted a plea bargain.
Juvenile delinquent	Young lawbreaker	Formal/legal	He was labeled a juvenile delinquent.
Early release	Let out of prison early	Neutral phrasing	He was granted early release.
Wrong side of the law	Committed a crime	Euphemistic	She ended up on the wrong side of the law.
White-collar crime	Non-violent business crime	Polite phrase	He’s accused of white-collar crime.
Unlawful activity	Illegal act	Formal/legal	They were involved in unlawful activity.
Remanded	Held in custody before trial	Court term	He was remanded until his hearing.
Gone straight	Stopped committing crimes	Informal/redeeming	He did time and now he’s gone straight.

🧠 TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Digital native	Born into the tech world	Positive label	Gen Z are digital natives.
Tech-savvy	Good with technology	Often a compliment	She’s incredibly tech-savvy.
Digitally literate	Able to use digital tools	Educational term	Digital literacy is essential today.
User-friendly	Easy to use	Design/marketing term	This app is very user-friendly.
Beta version	Test version	Implying “still in progress”	We’re testing the beta version.
Glitch	Minor tech error	Softer than “crash”	There was a glitch in the system.
Tech hiccup	Temporary problem	Casual and light	We had a tech hiccup during class.
Next-gen	Advanced/new	Hype term	This is a next-gen console.
Cloud-based	Online service	Trendy tech term	Our school uses cloud-based tools.
Digital detox	Time offline	Trendy self-care term	I’m doing a digital detox this weekend.
Disruptive technology	Game-changing tech	Often positive	AI is a disruptive technology.
Smart [device]	Internet-enabled device	Buzzword	She uses a smart thermostat.
Connectivity issues	Internet problems	Vague but polite	Sorry, I had connectivity issues.
Automated solution	Tech doing human work	Polished phrasing	The company introduced automated solutions.
Remote access	Work from anywhere	Tech workplace term	I have remote access to my files.
Virtual presence	Online participation	Common in remote learning	She maintained a strong virtual presence.
Digital footprint	Online data trail	Common in media literacy	Watch your digital footprint.
Down for maintenance	Not working (temporarily)	Polite phrasing	The website is down for maintenance.
Cyber incident	Hack or attack	Understated IT language	The company suffered a cyber incident.
Upgrade	Replacement or improvement	Positive spin	We upgraded our entire system.

🍔 FOOD & BODY IMAGE

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Full-figured	Overweight	More respectful	She’s a confident, full-figured model.
Plus-size	Larger clothing size	Common and accepted	The shop now offers plus-size ranges.
Curvy	With prominent body shape	Neutral-to-positive	She’s proud to be curvy.
Big-boned	Overweight	Gentle, old-fashioned	He’s just big-boned.
Body-positive	Embracing all shapes	Modern, empowering	She promotes body-positive messages online.
Healthy appetite	Eats a lot	Positive spin	He’s got a healthy appetite!
Watch one’s figure	Dieting	Indirect phrasing	I’m watching my figure.
Carry extra weight	Slightly overweight	Kind phrasing	He’s carrying a bit of extra weight.
Well-nourished	Fat (old-fashioned euphemism)	Now outdated, ironic	The dog was certainly well-nourished.
Thick	Curvy/fuller figure	Can be positive slang	She’s proud to be thick and strong.
Let oneself go	Gained weight or looks aged	Common but harsh	He’s really let himself go.
Watch what you eat	Eat less/healthily	Common advice	I try to watch what I eat.
Cheat meal	Eat unhealthy food on diet	Fitness term	Saturday is my cheat meal day.
Portion control	Eat less	Nutrition term	She practices portion control.
Health-conscious	Focused on health	Polite	He’s very health-conscious.
“Comfort food”	Unhealthy food	Euphemism for indulgence	After a bad day, I turn to comfort food.
Big eater	Eats a lot	Neutral	He’s a big eater at holidays.
Indulgent	Rich/unhealthy	Classy food term	This cake is so indulgent.
Dad bod	Slightly overweight male body	Humorous trend term	He’s rocking the dad bod.
Fluffy	Overweight (very lighthearted)	Humorous, gentle	He’s not fat—he’s just fluffy!

🏛️ HISTORY & POLITICS

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Collateral damage	Civilian casualties	Military euphemism	The airstrike caused collateral damage.
Enhanced interrogation	Torture	Controversial euphemism	The report condemned enhanced interrogation techniques.
Regime change	Overthrowing a government	Diplomatic phrase	The country supported regime change abroad.
Covert operation	Secret mission	Intelligence term	It was a covert operation.
Strategic withdrawal	Retreat	Makes retreat sound planned	The army executed a strategic withdrawal.
Friendly fire	Accidentally killing allies	Military euphemism	The incident was caused by friendly fire.
Diplomatic solution	Peaceful resolution	Political spin	They’re seeking a diplomatic solution.
Tensions escalated	Violence or conflict increased	Understates danger	Tensions escalated near the border.
Occupied territory	Land taken during war	Politically charged	The area is considered occupied territory.
Undocumented immigrants	People in a country illegally	Polite term	They employ undocumented immigrants.
Ethnic cleansing	Forced removal or genocide	Euphemism for atrocities	The UN investigated cases of ethnic cleansing.
Special military operation	Invasion	Euphemistic propaganda	It was labeled a special military operation.
Nation-building	Reconstructing countries	Often US foreign policy term	Troops focused on nation-building.
Hostile takeover	Aggressive acquisition	Business/political term	The company faced a hostile takeover.
Foreign intervention	Military or political interference	Understates disruption	The region experienced foreign intervention.
Truth adjustment	Lying or propaganda	Ironic or sarcastic	That speech included a few truth adjustments.
Economic sanctions	Trade penalties	Common diplomatic term	They imposed economic sanctions.
Supreme leader	Authoritarian ruler	Flattering title	The supreme leader announced reforms.
Peacekeepers	Military forces	Euphemistic if armed	UN peacekeepers were deployed.
Political correctness	Inclusive or filtered language	Sometimes used ironically	He avoids offence through political correctness.

👗 FASHION & STYLE

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Fashion-forward	Trendy	Positive spin	She’s always been fashion-forward.
Well put-together	Looks stylish/neat	Polite & respectful	He’s a well put-together guy.
Timeless	Not trendy, but classic	Compliment for older looks	Her dress was timeless.
Retro	Old-fashioned (in a trendy way)	Trend-based	He’s into retro streetwear.
Vintage	Old but classy	Fancier than “used”	I love shopping for vintage clothes.
Second-hand	Used clothes	More accepted than “used”	She wears a lot of second-hand finds.
Pre-loved	Gently used	Polite marketing term	Check out these pre-loved jackets.
Statement piece	Bold fashion item	Positive fashion term	That necklace is a real statement piece.
Figure-flattering	Emphasizes body shape	Common in ads	This top is so figure-flattering.
Snug fit	Tight clothing	Polite term	It’s a snug fit around the waist.
Relaxed fit	Looser cut	Trendy term	These jeans are a relaxed fit.
Bold choice	Unusual or risky	Polite way of saying odd	That hat was a bold choice.
Edgy	Trendy and rebellious	Used in fashion talk	Her style is really edgy.
Understated	Elegant and simple	Polite praise	He has an understated style.
Over-the-top	Very flashy	Often used humorously	The look was a bit over-the-top.
A pop of color	Bright detail	Fashion phrase	Add a pop of color with red shoes.
Wardrobe malfunction	Clothing error/slip	Common in media	She had a minor wardrobe malfunction.
Fashion risk	Unusual outfit	Slightly critical, often humorous	He took a fashion risk.
Boho	Bohemian, hippie style	Fashion trend term	She loves the boho aesthetic.
Effortlessly chic	Casual but elegant	High praise	She looked effortlessly chic.

🏅 SPORTS & COMPETITION

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Gave it their all	Tried hard	Encouraging tone	The team gave it their all.
Came up short	Didn’t win	Gentle loss phrase	They came up short in the final.
On the sidelines	Not actively participating	Figurative and literal	He’s been on the sidelines lately.
Personal best	Best individual result	Encouraging tone	She ran a personal best today.
Off day	Performed badly	Forgiving tone	He had an off day at the race.
Stepped up	Took responsibility	Praising phrase	She stepped up when needed.
Game-changer	A big impact	Common sports/media term	That goal was a game-changer.
Left it all on the field	Gave maximum effort	Emotional phrase	They left it all on the field.
Not their strongest performance	Played poorly	Tactful phrasing	It wasn’t their strongest performance.
Built character	Lost, but learned	Consoling phrase	Losing builds character.
Overcame adversity	Faced challenges	Heroic tone	They overcame adversity to win.
Momentum shift	Change in dominance	Common in commentary	There was a momentum shift at halftime.
Got the job done	Succeeded	Confident tone	They got the job done.
Narrow win	Close victory	Polite phrase	It was a narrow win for our team.
Learning opportunity	Failure	Positive spin	It was a learning opportunity.
Solid effort	Tried well	Polite, neutral	The team put in a solid effort.
Put up a fight	Resisted defeat	Praising phrase	They put up a real fight.
Played by the book	Followed rules	Implies fairness	The referee played by the book.
Under the radar	Not noticed but effective	Sports journalism term	He’s been under the radar this season.
Hung in there	Didn’t give up	Resilient praise	They really hung in there.

☕ SOCIAL ETIQUETTE & MANNERS

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Passed away	Died	Standard polite form	Her grandfather passed away.
In a delicate condition	Pregnant	Old-fashioned & formal	She’s in a delicate condition.
Expecting	Pregnant	Polite, common	They’re expecting in November.
Let go	Fired	Gentle business term	He was let go last month.
Didn’t see eye to eye	Disagreed	Polite phrase	They didn’t see eye to eye on politics.
Being economical with the truth	Lying	Ironically polite	He was being economical with the truth.
Taking a personal day	Off work for rest	Workplace euphemism	I’m taking a personal day tomorrow.
Well-spoken	Polite and articulate	Common praise	She’s very well-spoken.
Under the weather	Sick	Casual and polite	I’m feeling under the weather.
Over-served	Drunk	Amusing euphemism	He got a bit over-served last night.
Restroom	Toilet	Common polite term	Where’s the restroom?
Powder one’s nose	Use the toilet	Old-fashioned and coy	Excuse me, I need to powder my nose.
Put it delicately	Speak carefully	For awkward topics	Let me put this delicately…
Passed wind	Farted	Common polite version	Someone passed wind in class.
“Between jobs”	Unemployed	Gentle phrasing	He’s currently between jobs.
Not quite right in the head	Mentally ill	Often outdated, sometimes mocking	He’s not quite right in the head.
Tired and emotional	Drunk	British political euphemism	The MP was tired and emotional.
Tactfully avoided	Dodged the topic	Neutral & polite	She tactfully avoided the question.
Raised voices	Argued or yelled	Euphemistic	Things escalated and voices were raised.
Had a moment	Lost control briefly	Very soft and polite	She had a moment and stepped outside.

🏠 HOUSING & HOMELESSNESS

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Between homes	Homeless	Gentle and less stigmatizing	He’s been between homes for a few months.
In transition	Temporarily without stable housing	Soft and hopeful	She’s currently in transition.
Temporary shelter	Homeless shelter	Polite phrase	They found refuge in a temporary shelter.
Housing insecure	At risk of losing home	Formal, social work term	Many families are housing insecure.
Couch surfing	Staying temporarily at friends’ places	Casual and common	He’s been couch surfing lately.
Marginalized	Socially excluded, including homeless	Used in reports	Marginalized people need support.
Low-income housing	Affordable housing	Neutral, policy term	They live in low-income housing.
Rough sleeping	Sleeping outdoors	Social services term	Rough sleeping is a serious issue.
Displaced	Forced to leave home	Often due to crisis	Many were displaced by the flood.
Without permanent address	Homeless	Neutral, formal	He’s without a permanent address.
In need of housing	Homeless or unstable	Polite social work term	Many are in need of housing.
At risk of eviction	Close to losing home	Legal/policy term	Several tenants are at risk of eviction.
Facing homelessness	About to lose home	Gentle phrase	They’re facing homelessness after job loss.
Temporary accommodation	Short-term housing	Neutral	They stayed in temporary accommodation.
Financially challenged	Can’t afford housing	Polite	The financially challenged need help.
Underhoused	Living in inadequate housing	Formal	Some live underhoused in poor conditions.
Precariously housed	Unstable housing situation	Social sciences term	Many youth are precariously housed.
Housing crisis	General lack of affordable housing	Neutral and formal	The housing crisis affects many cities.
Lack of stable housing	Homelessness euphemism	Clear and polite	The lack of stable housing is a growing problem.
Experiencing homelessness	Homeless	Empathetic phrasing	Those experiencing homelessness need aid.

📚 SCHOOL & EXAMS

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Academic challenge	Difficulty in studies	Polite, non-judgmental	She’s facing some academic challenges.
Needs improvement	Poor performance	Gentle teacher’s phrase	His writing needs improvement.
Didn’t meet requirements	Failed exam or task	Polite phrase	He didn’t meet the requirements this time.
Passed with flying colors	Passed excellently	Positive praise	She passed with flying colors!
Learning curve	Time to adjust or improve	Neutral, encouraging	There’s a steep learning curve at first.
Slow learner	Learns at a slower pace	Use carefully, can offend	He’s a slow learner but works hard.
Test anxiety	Nervousness before exam	Common phrase	She suffers from test anxiety.
Underperforming	Doing worse than expected	Gentle criticism	He’s underperforming this semester.
Examination stress	Pressure from exams	Common phrase	Examination stress affects many students.
Gap in knowledge	Missing information	Neutral and clear	There’s a gap in her knowledge.
Mastery level	Skill proficiency	Positive teaching term	He’s reaching mastery level in math.
Extra support	Additional help	Positive phrase	She receives extra support in class.
Learning disability	Specific learning difficulty	Clinical term	He has a diagnosed learning disability.
Not up to standard	Not good enough	Polite phrase	The essay was not up to standard.
Making progress	Improving	Positive and encouraging	She’s making good progress.
Re-take	Taking an exam again	Neutral phrase	He will re-take the test next week.
Alternative assessment	Different form of testing	Formal education term	Some students get alternative assessments.
On track	Doing well	Positive phrase	He’s on track to graduate.
Academic probation	Warning for poor grades	Formal, serious	She was placed on academic probation.
Working below potential	Not performing as well as possible	Gentle criticism	He’s working below his potential.

🌍 ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip	Sample Sentence
Eco-conscious	Environmentally aware	Positive term	She’s very eco-conscious in her choices.
Green lifestyle	Environmentally friendly living	Trendy phrase	He leads a green lifestyle.
Carbon footprint	Environmental impact of activities	Common term	We should reduce our carbon footprint.
Sustainable practices	Environmentally friendly methods	Positive phrase	They promote sustainable practices.
Renewable energy	Energy from natural sources	Formal, positive	Solar panels produce renewable energy.
Environmentally responsible	Caring for the environment	Polite, positive	The company is environmentally responsible.
Eco-warrior	Environmental activist	Slightly playful	She’s an eco-warrior fighting pollution.
Planet-friendly	Good for the environment	Popular phrase	Choose planet-friendly products.
Greenwashing	False eco-friendly claims	Critical term	Beware of companies greenwashing.
Climate justice	Fair treatment in climate policy	Formal activist term	They fight for climate justice.
Eco-friendly alternative	More sustainable option	Positive phrase	This bag is an eco-friendly alternative.
Going green	Adopting eco-friendly habits	Popular phrase	More people are going green.
Zero waste	Producing no trash	Trendy concept	They follow a zero waste lifestyle.
Conservation effort	Protecting nature	Positive and formal	The conservation effort saved the forest.
Nature deficit disorder	Lack of contact with nature	Popularized term	Kids suffer from nature deficit disorder.
Environmental footprint	Overall environmental impact	Broader than carbon footprint	The project’s environmental footprint is large.
Climate action	Steps against climate change	Positive activist term	We need urgent climate action.
Ecological balance	Nature’s equilibrium	Formal phrase	Pollution disrupts ecological balance.
Recycling program	Organized waste reuse	Neutral, positive	The school started a recycling program.
Green innovation	New eco-friendly technology	Positive phrase	Green innovation drives change.

Technology & Digital Life

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Digital footprint	Data left online	Use to discuss privacy politely	Be careful about your digital footprint.
Social media detox	Taking a break from social media	Casual, popular phrase	She’s doing a social media detox this weekend.
Screen time	Time spent using screens	Neutral, common	Too much screen time can harm your eyes.
Cloud storage	Online data storage	Technical, neutral	I saved the files in cloud storage.
Cyberbullying	Online harassment	Serious, formal	Schools are trying to prevent cyberbullying.
Online persona	How one presents self online	Neutral, can be positive or negative	His online persona is very different from real life.
Digital native	Someone born into digital age	Positive, describes generation	Most teenagers are digital natives.
Data breach	Unauthorized data access	Serious, formal	The company suffered a data breach last month.
Phishing	Fraudulent emails or messages	Technical, serious	Watch out for phishing scams.
Viral content	Popular online media	Informal, positive	That video became viral overnight.
User-friendly	Easy to use software or app	Positive	This app is very user-friendly.
Online troll	Someone who provokes online	Negative, informal	Ignore the online trolls.
Spam	Unwanted emails or messages	Neutral, technical	My inbox is full of spam.
Hashtag activism	Social causes promoted online	Modern term, positive or ironic	Hashtag activism raises awareness quickly.
Digital divide	Gap between those with/without tech	Formal, social issue	The digital divide affects education quality.
Streaming	Watching/listening online	Neutral, common	I prefer streaming music to buying CDs.
Meme culture	Popular humor online	Informal, fun	Meme culture shapes online communication.
Password protection	Keeping data safe	Neutral	Always use strong password protection.
Online privacy	Keeping personal info secure	Formal, important	Online privacy is a growing concern.
Tech-savvy	Skilled with technology	Positive	She’s very tech-savvy for her age.

Health & Fitness

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Physical activity	Exercise	Formal, polite	Regular physical activity is important.
Weight management	Controlling body weight	Polite, positive	He focuses on weight management through diet.
Nutritional balance	Healthy diet	Positive, formal	A nutritional balance improves energy.
Mental wellness	Good mental health	Positive, broad	Mental wellness is as important as physical health.
Stress management	Controlling stress	Neutral, common	Stress management techniques help with anxiety.
Healthy lifestyle	Overall good health habits	Positive	She leads a healthy lifestyle.
Moderate drinking	Drinking alcohol in limits	Polite, common	Moderate drinking is key to good health.
Sleep hygiene	Good sleep habits	Formal, technical	Sleep hygiene affects concentration.
Preventive care	Health care to prevent illness	Formal, positive	Preventive care reduces healthcare costs.
Chronic condition	Long-term illness	Clinical, polite	He manages a chronic condition well.
Body positivity	Acceptance of all body types	Positive, social movement	Body positivity encourages self-love.
Fitness routine	Regular exercise plan	Neutral, common	She follows a strict fitness routine.
Healthy weight	Ideal or recommended weight	Polite	Doctors recommend maintaining a healthy weight.
Balanced diet	Eating a variety of foods	Positive	A balanced diet supports overall health.
Staying hydrated	Drinking enough water	Neutral	It’s important to stay hydrated during workouts.
Mental resilience	Ability to cope with stress	Positive	Building mental resilience helps during exams.
Smoking cessation	Quitting smoking	Polite, clinical	Smoking cessation improves lung health.
Substance use	Using drugs or alcohol	Polite, neutral	Substance use is monitored in rehabilitation.
Overweight	Heavier than recommended	Polite, but can offend	He’s slightly overweight but working on it.
Underweight	Lighter than recommended	Polite, clinical	Being underweight can cause health problems.

Work & Careers

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Career transition	Changing jobs or profession	Positive, neutral	She is in a career transition phase.
Job seeker	Someone looking for work	Neutral, common	Job seekers face tough competition.
Downsizing	Reducing staff	Polite, corporate	The company is downsizing due to budget cuts.
Performance review	Job evaluation	Formal, neutral	His performance review went well.
Professional growth	Career development	Positive	Professional growth is important for success.
Work-life balance	Managing work and personal life	Popular, positive	Many seek better work-life balance.
Taking a break	Temporary leave from work	Polite	She is taking a break to travel.
Job rotation	Changing roles within company	Formal, positive	Job rotation helps employees gain new skills.
Entry-level position	Beginner job	Neutral	He started in an entry-level position.
Freelance	Self-employed contract work	Neutral	She works as a freelance designer.
Underemployed	Working below skill level	Formal, polite	Many graduates feel underemployed.
Career advancement	Promotion or progress	Positive	He’s seeking career advancement.
Layoff	Job loss due to company needs	Polite, formal	Layoffs affected many employees last year.
On the job training	Learning while working	Neutral	New hires get on the job training.
Job market	Employment opportunities	Neutral	The job market is competitive right now.
Remote work	Working from home or elsewhere	Popular, neutral	Remote work is more common these days.
Voluntary resignation	Leaving job by choice	Polite	She made a voluntary resignation to start her own business.
Professional development	Skill improvement	Positive	They offer professional development courses.
Contractual worker	Temporary or contract employee	Neutral	Many workers are contractual.
Sabbatical	Extended leave from work	Formal, positive	He took a sabbatical to write a book.

Aging & Death

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Senior citizen	Older person	Polite, respectful	The park offers discounts for senior citizens.
Golden years	Retirement age	Positive, nostalgic	She’s enjoying her golden years.
Passed away	Died	Polite, common	His grandfather passed away peacefully.
Resting in peace	Euphemism for death	Polite, respectful	May she rest in peace.
Late	Deceased	Formal, polite	The late professor was well respected.
End of life	Final phase of life	Formal, gentle	Hospice care supports patients at the end of life.
Departed	Left life	Polite, formal	The departed will be remembered fondly.
Senior living	Retirement home or care facility	Neutral, polite	She moved to senior living last year.
Infirmity	Physical weakness due to age	Polite, formal	He suffers from infirmity but stays active.
Life expectancy	Average age people live	Neutral, formal	Life expectancy has increased worldwide.
Advanced age	Very old	Polite, formal	She’s of advanced age but very active.
Passed on	Euphemism for died	Gentle, common	He passed on last winter.
Bereavement	Grief after death	Formal, clinical	Bereavement leave helps employees cope.
Rest in eternal peace	Death, with spiritual tone	Formal, respectful	May he rest in eternal peace.
Late-stage illness	Terminal illness	Polite, clinical	She is battling a late-stage illness.
Senior care	Care for elderly people	Polite, formal	The facility specializes in senior care.
Age gracefully	Accept aging with dignity	Positive, encouraging	She aims to age gracefully.
Passing	Death	Polite, gentle	The family announced her passing yesterday.
Final farewell	Goodbye before death	Poetic, respectful	They held a final farewell at the funeral.
Life transition	Death or major life change	Polite, metaphorical	Death is the final life transition.

Politics

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Political landscape	Overall political situation	Formal, neutral	The political landscape is changing rapidly.
Bipartisan effort	Cooperation between two parties	Positive, formal	They worked on a bipartisan effort to pass the law.
Policy shift	Change in government policy	Neutral, formal	There has been a policy shift regarding education.
Legislative agenda	Planned government actions	Formal, neutral	The legislative agenda includes climate reforms.
Political climate	Mood or attitude in politics	Neutral, common	The political climate is tense before elections.
Grassroots movement	Community-based political action	Positive, informal	The campaign started as a grassroots movement.
Political capital	Influence or power in politics	Formal, metaphorical	He used his political capital to push reforms.
Power struggle	Conflict for control or influence	Neutral, somewhat negative	The party is experiencing a power struggle.
Electoral process	Voting and elections	Formal, neutral	The electoral process must be transparent.
Political agenda	Goals of a political group	Neutral, common	The new policy fits the party’s political agenda.
Lobbying	Influencing politicians	Formal, sometimes negative	Lobbying can affect legislation.
Cabinet reshuffle	Changes in government ministers	Formal, neutral	The prime minister announced a cabinet reshuffle.
Voter turnout	Number of people voting	Neutral, common	Voter turnout was higher than expected.
Policy maker	Person who creates laws/policies	Neutral, formal	Policy makers debated the new proposal.
Coalition government	Alliance of political parties	Formal, neutral	The country has a coalition government.
Political unrest	Disturbances or protests	Neutral, serious	Political unrest affected the capital.
Diplomatic relations	Interactions between countries	Formal, neutral	Diplomatic relations improved after talks.
Public office	Political job	Formal, neutral	He was elected to public office last year.
Civil service	Government employees	Formal, neutral	The civil service provides public services.
Reform agenda	Plan for political or social change	Positive, formal	The reform agenda focuses on education and health.

Religion & Belief

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Faith community	Group sharing religious beliefs	Polite, positive	The faith community organizes charity events.
Spiritual journey	Personal religious growth	Positive, poetic	She described her spiritual journey in her book.
Divine intervention	Help from a higher power	Formal, respectful	They believed it was divine intervention.
Religious observance	Practicing religion	Formal, neutral	Religious observance is important to many people.
Sacred text	Holy scripture	Formal, respectful	The Bible is a sacred text for Christians.
Place of worship	Church, mosque, temple, etc.	Polite, neutral	They gathered at the place of worship for service.
Clergy	Religious leaders	Formal, respectful	The clergy led the ceremony.
Moral compass	Inner sense of right and wrong	Metaphorical, positive	Her moral compass guides her decisions.
Religious tolerance	Acceptance of other beliefs	Positive, formal	Religious tolerance is key to peaceful societies.
Rituals	Religious ceremonies	Neutral, formal	Rituals vary between different religions.
Prayerful reflection	Thoughtful meditation or prayer	Polite, formal	They spent time in prayerful reflection.
Holy day	Religious holiday	Neutral, respectful	Christmas is a major holy day for Christians.
Faith-based	Related to religion	Formal, neutral	Faith-based organizations help the poor.
Clerical duties	Religious work	Formal, respectful	He is responsible for clerical duties at the church.
Pilgrimage	Religious journey	Formal, respectful	Many make a pilgrimage to Mecca.
Sect	Religious subgroup	Neutral, sometimes negative	The sect has unique beliefs.
Evangelism	Spreading religious beliefs	Formal, sometimes controversial	Evangelism is common in some Christian groups.
Religious freedom	Right to practice religion freely	Positive, formal	Religious freedom is protected by law.
Sacred tradition	Important religious customs	Formal, respectful	Sacred traditions are passed down generations.
Divine grace	Blessings from God	Formal, poetic	They prayed for divine grace during hardship.

Food & Body Image

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Comfort food	Food eaten for emotional well-being	Informal, positive	Chocolate is her favorite comfort food.
Clean eating	Healthy, unprocessed diet	Positive, trendy	Clean eating is popular among athletes.
Portion control	Managing food amounts	Neutral, common	Portion control helps with weight management.
Body positivity	Acceptance of all body types	Positive, social movement	Body positivity promotes self-love.
Mindful eating	Paying attention to food choices	Positive, health-focused	Mindful eating can prevent overeating.
Nutrient-dense	Food high in nutrients	Formal, health-related	Vegetables are nutrient-dense foods.
Indulgence	Treating oneself	Polite, positive	An occasional indulgence is fine.
Slimming	Losing weight	Polite, can be sensitive	She’s on a slimming program.
Self-care	Taking care of one’s health	Positive, broad	Exercise is part of her self-care routine.
Body image	How one sees their body	Neutral, psychological	Body image issues affect many teens.
Healthy appetite	Normal desire to eat	Positive, neutral	He has a healthy appetite after exercise.
Dietary restriction	Limiting certain foods	Polite, neutral	She follows dietary restrictions for allergies.
Weight-neutral	Focusing on health not weight	Positive, modern	Weight-neutral approaches focus on wellbeing.
Cheat meal	A planned exception to a diet	Informal, popular	He enjoys a cheat meal on weekends.
Fitness fuel	Food eaten to support exercise	Informal, positive	Protein bars are good fitness fuel.
Eating habits	Usual food intake patterns	Neutral	Changing eating habits can improve health.
Nutritional value	Health benefits of food	Formal	The nutritional value of fruits is high.
Body confidence	Feeling good about one’s body	Positive	Body confidence is key to mental health.
Balanced meal	Meal with all nutrients	Positive	A balanced meal includes carbs, protein, and fats.
Diet culture	Societal focus on dieting	Negative, critical	Diet culture can harm self-esteem.

History & Politics

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Political upheaval	Major political change or unrest	Formal, serious	The country experienced political upheaval in 1917.
Colonial legacy	Effects of colonization	Formal, critical	The colonial legacy still impacts society today.
Social reform	Changes to improve society	Positive, formal	Social reform improved workers’ rights.
Diplomatic ties	Relations between countries	Formal, neutral	Diplomatic ties strengthened after the treaty.
National identity	Shared culture and values	Formal, cultural	National identity shapes a country’s laws.
Historical narrative	Story told about the past	Neutral, academic	The historical narrative can differ by perspective.
Power dynamics	How power is distributed	Formal, analytical	Power dynamics changed after the revolution.
Treaty negotiation	Discussion to reach agreement	Formal	Treaty negotiations lasted months.
Sovereignty	Country’s independence	Formal, legal	The nation fought for its sovereignty.
Cultural heritage	Traditions and artifacts	Positive, respectful	Cultural heritage is preserved in museums.
Revolutionary movement	Group seeking radical change	Formal, serious	The revolutionary movement altered the government.
Imperial rule	Control by an empire	Formal, historical	Imperial rule ended in the early 20th century.
Civil rights	Rights for all citizens	Positive, formal	The civil rights movement changed laws.
Political prisoners	People jailed for beliefs	Serious, formal	Political prisoners were released after protests.
Nationalism	Pride in one’s nation	Neutral, sometimes negative	Nationalism can unite or divide people.
Historical context	Background for events	Formal	Understanding historical context is important.
Power vacuum	Absence of strong leadership	Formal, metaphorical	The coup created a power vacuum.
Authoritarian regime	Government with strict control	Negative, formal	The country lived under an authoritarian regime.
Post-war recovery	Rebuilding after conflict	Neutral, positive	Post-war recovery took decades.
Societal transformation	Major social change	Formal, positive	The industrial revolution was a societal transformation.

Fashion & Style

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Casual chic	Stylish but informal clothing	Positive, fashionable	She prefers casual chic for everyday wear.
Timeless elegance	Classic, never-out-of-fashion style	Positive, formal	Her outfit reflected timeless elegance.
Statement piece	Bold, eye-catching accessory	Informal, positive	That necklace is definitely a statement piece.
Trendsetting	Leading new fashion trends	Positive, formal	The designer is known for trendsetting styles.
Minimalist style	Simple, clean clothing	Positive, modern	He prefers a minimalist style to avoid clutter.
Haute couture	High fashion, custom-made clothes	Formal, prestigious	She attended the haute couture fashion show.
Ready-to-wear	Clothes sold finished and ready	Neutral, formal	The store offers a wide range of ready-to-wear.
Vintage	Old-fashioned but fashionable	Positive, nostalgic	She collects vintage dresses from the 1950s.
Power dressing	Wearing clothes to convey authority	Formal, business	Power dressing is common in corporate environments.
Fabrication	Type of fabric used	Formal, technical	The jacket’s fabrication ensures durability.
Accessories	Additional items like jewelry	Neutral, common	Accessories can enhance any outfit.
Wardrobe staple	Essential clothing item	Informal, common	A white shirt is a wardrobe staple.
Fashion-forward	Ahead of current trends	Positive, informal	She’s very fashion-forward.
Layering	Wearing multiple clothing layers	Neutral, descriptive	Layering helps adjust to changing weather.
Soft hues	Gentle, muted colors	Positive, descriptive	Soft hues are perfect for spring.
Tailored fit	Clothes made to fit perfectly	Formal, positive	A tailored fit always looks sharp.
Statement color	Bold, noticeable color	Informal, positive	Red is a popular statement color.
Sustainable fashion	Eco-friendly clothing	Positive, modern	Sustainable fashion is growing in popularity.
Fashion icon	Someone famous for style	Positive, informal	She is a fashion icon among her peers.
Wardrobe refresh	Updating one’s clothing	Informal, common	It’s time for a wardrobe refresh this season.

Sports & Competition

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Friendly match	Non-competitive game	Positive, informal	They played a friendly match last weekend.
Training session	Practice for athletes	Neutral, common	The team has daily training sessions.
Team spirit	Cooperation among players	Positive, motivational	Team spirit helped them win the championship.
Home advantage	Benefit of playing at home	Neutral, sports-specific	Home advantage can affect the outcome.
Fair play	Sportsmanship and honesty	Positive, formal	Fair play is essential in all sports.
Physical conditioning	Fitness training	Formal, neutral	Physical conditioning improves endurance.
Injury time	Added time due to stoppage	Neutral, specific	The referee added three minutes of injury time.
Underdog	Less favored competitor	Informal, common	The underdog surprised everyone with the win.
Personal best	Athlete’s best performance	Positive, motivational	She set a new personal best in the race.
Knockout stage	Elimination rounds	Neutral, sports-specific	They advanced to the knockout stage.
Sportsmanship	Fair and respectful behavior	Positive, formal	Good sportsmanship is admired by fans.
Offside	Rule violation in some sports	Neutral, technical	He was penalized for being offside.
Competitive edge	Advantage over opponents	Positive, motivational	Training gave them a competitive edge.
Coaching staff	Team’s trainers and advisors	Neutral, formal	The coaching staff planned the strategy.
Playmaker	Key player who creates scoring chances	Positive, informal	He is the team’s top playmaker.
Fan base	Group of supporters	Neutral, informal	The team has a large fan base.
Athleticism	Physical ability	Positive, formal	Her athleticism is impressive.
Match officials	Referees and umpires	Formal, neutral	Match officials enforce the rules.
Sports event	Competition or tournament	Neutral, common	The sports event attracted thousands of spectators.
Victory lap	Celebratory lap after winning	Informal, positive	The winner took a victory lap around the field.

Social Etiquette & Manners

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Please and thank you	Basic polite phrases	Universal, positive	Always remember to say please and thank you.
Social graces	Polite behavior	Formal, positive	She mastered the social graces quickly.
Table manners	Proper behavior at the dining table	Neutral, common	Good table manners are important at dinners.
Respect personal space	Keeping appropriate distance	Polite, neutral	Respect personal space in crowded places.
Appropriate dress	Suitable clothing for occasions	Formal, neutral	Wear appropriate dress for the event.
Small talk	Light, casual conversation	Informal, neutral	Small talk helps break the ice.
Punctuality	Being on time	Positive, formal	Punctuality shows respect for others’ time.
Offering a compliment	Giving praise	Positive, polite	Offering a compliment can brighten someone’s day.
Invitations	Asking someone to an event	Formal, polite	She sent out invitations for the party.
Gift giving	Presenting gifts	Positive, cultural	Gift giving is common during holidays.
Polite refusal	Saying no nicely	Positive, diplomatic	She gave a polite refusal to the invitation.
Greeting etiquette	Proper ways to say hello	Neutral, cultural	Greeting etiquette varies between countries.
Listening skills	Paying attention during conversation	Positive, important	Good listening skills improve communication.
Thank-you note	Written appreciation	Formal, polite	He wrote a thank-you note after the interview.
Hosting duties	Responsibilities of a host	Formal, neutral	Hosting duties include preparing food and seating.
Conversation starters	Phrases to begin talking	Informal, helpful	Asking about the weather is a common conversation starter.
Addressing others	How to call someone politely	Formal, respectful	Use titles when addressing elders.
Table setting	Arranging dishes and utensils	Formal, neutral	A proper table setting enhances the dining experience.
RSVP	Confirming attendance	Formal, common	Please RSVP by next Friday.
Respectful disagreement	Disagreeing without offense	Positive, diplomatic	Respectful disagreement is key in debates.

Technology & Innovation

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Cutting-edge	Latest and most advanced	Positive, formal	The company uses cutting-edge technology.
User-friendly	Easy to use	Positive, common	The new app is very user-friendly.
Cloud computing	Online data storage and processing	Formal, technical	Cloud computing revolutionized data management.
Digital footprint	Trace of online activity	Neutral, common	Be careful about your digital footprint.
Tech-savvy	Skilled with technology	Positive, informal	She is very tech-savvy for her age.
Virtual meeting	Online video conference	Neutral, common	They had a virtual meeting instead of in person.
Bandwidth	Data transmission capacity	Technical, neutral	The video requires a high bandwidth connection.
Innovation hub	Place promoting new ideas	Positive, formal	The city is becoming an innovation hub.
Digital detox	Taking a break from technology	Positive, informal	I’m planning a digital detox this weekend.
Automation	Using machines to do tasks	Neutral, formal	Automation increased productivity.
Smart device	Connected electronic gadget	Neutral, common	Smart devices can control your home’s lights.
Data privacy	Protection of personal information	Formal, important	Data privacy is a growing concern.
Cybersecurity	Protection against online threats	Formal, technical	Cybersecurity measures keep systems safe.
Algorithm	Computer instructions for tasks	Formal, technical	Algorithms determine search results.
Augmented reality	Enhanced view of the real world	Formal, technical	Augmented reality is used in gaming and education.
Digital transformation	Shift to digital business models	Formal, business	Digital transformation is essential for growth.
Tech ecosystem	Network of technology companies	Formal, business	The region’s tech ecosystem is booming.
Wireless network	Internet connection without cables	Neutral, common	The wireless network is down today.
User interface	How users interact with technology	Formal, technical	A good user interface improves usability.
Open source	Software with publicly accessible code	Positive, technical	Open source software promotes collaboration.

Food & Body Image

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Comfort food	Food eaten to feel better emotionally	Positive, informal	She turned to comfort food after a stressful day.
Healthy choice	Nutritious food option	Positive, formal	Choosing salads is a healthy choice.
Portion control	Managing food intake size	Neutral, common	Portion control helps maintain a balanced diet.
Mindful eating	Paying attention to eating habits	Positive, modern	Mindful eating can improve digestion.
Body positivity	Accepting all body types	Positive, social	Body positivity encourages self-love.
Full-figured	Politely describing a larger body	Positive, polite	She embraces her full-figured silhouette.
Curvy	Describes attractive body curves	Positive, informal	The model has a curvy figure.
Slimming	Helping to lose weight	Positive, marketing	This diet is promoted as slimming.
Indulgence	Treating oneself with rich food	Positive, casual	Chocolate is a rare indulgence for her.
Calorie-conscious	Watching calorie intake	Neutral, health-focused	Many people are calorie-conscious these days.
Detox diet	Short-term diet to cleanse body	Popular, sometimes dubious	She tried a detox diet last month.
Waistline-friendly	Foods that help keep waist small	Positive, marketing	These snacks are waistline-friendly.
Skin glow	Healthy-looking skin	Positive, beauty	Drinking water promotes a natural skin glow.
Eating habits	Patterns of eating	Neutral, common	Good eating habits are essential for health.
Balanced diet	Eating a variety of nutrients	Positive, health	A balanced diet includes fruits and vegetables.
Nutrient-rich	Food high in vitamins and minerals	Formal, health	Spinach is nutrient-rich and good for the body.
Flabby	Politely describing loose skin/fat	Mildly negative, informal	He is working to tone his flabby arms.
Weight management	Controlling body weight	Formal, health	Weight management is key to preventing illness.
Appetite suppressant	Something reducing hunger	Formal, health	Certain foods act as natural appetite suppressants.
Overindulgence	Eating too much	Negative, formal	Overindulgence during holidays is common.

History & Politics

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Political climate	General political atmosphere	Formal, neutral	The political climate affects policy decisions.
Diplomatic relations	Official interactions between countries	Formal, international	Diplomatic relations have improved recently.
Social reform	Changes aimed at improving society	Positive, formal	The government promoted social reform in education.
Regime change	Change of government	Neutral, formal	The country experienced a regime change last year.
National identity	Shared sense of a nation’s character	Formal, cultural	National identity is a key part of history lessons.
Economic sanctions	Penalties imposed on countries	Formal, political	Economic sanctions were used to pressure the regime.
Political upheaval	Period of political instability	Neutral, formal	The region faced political upheaval in the 1990s.
War-torn	Affected by war	Descriptive, serious	They come from a war-torn country.
Freedom fighter	Someone fighting for freedom	Positive, political	He was hailed as a freedom fighter.
Authoritarian regime	Government with strict control	Negative, formal	The country lived under an authoritarian regime.
Propaganda	Biased information spread	Negative, political	The media was accused of spreading propaganda.
Cold War	Period of political tension	Historical term	The Cold War shaped international relations.
Civil rights movement	Effort to secure equal rights	Positive, historical	The civil rights movement changed society.
Revolution	Sudden, radical change in government	Neutral, historical	The revolution brought significant reforms.
Peace talks	Negotiations to end conflict	Positive, diplomatic	Peace talks resumed after years of tension.
Vote of confidence	Formal approval or disapproval	Formal, political	The government survived a vote of confidence.
Political spectrum	Range of political opinions	Formal, academic	People’s views range across the political spectrum.
Coalition government	Government formed by multiple parties	Formal, political	A coalition government was formed after elections.
Amnesty	Official pardon	Positive, legal	The prisoners were granted amnesty.
Human rights	Basic rights of all people	Positive, universal	Human rights are fundamental to democracy.

Work & Careers

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Career advancement	Progressing in a job	Positive, formal	She seeks career advancement through training.
Professional development	Improving job skills	Formal, common	Professional development is encouraged at work.
Job responsibilities	Tasks required in a role	Neutral, formal	His job responsibilities include managing staff.
Work-life balance	Managing work and personal life	Positive, modern	Maintaining work-life balance reduces stress.
Temporary position	Short-term job	Neutral, common	She took a temporary position during summer.
Networking	Building professional contacts	Positive, informal	Networking is key to career growth.
Corporate culture	Values and behaviors in a company	Neutral, formal	Corporate culture affects employee satisfaction.
Performance review	Evaluation of work	Formal, common	He received positive feedback in his performance review.
Job market	Availability of jobs	Neutral, common	The job market is competitive this year.
Salary package	Total pay and benefits	Formal, common	The salary package includes bonuses and insurance.
Career path	Progression of jobs in life	Neutral, formal	She is considering a new career path.
Promotion	Moving to a higher job position	Positive, common	He earned a promotion after two years.
Job security	Stability of employment	Positive, common	Job security is important to employees.
Freelance work	Independent contracting	Neutral, common	She prefers freelance work for flexibility.
Skill set	Range of skills	Neutral, common	Developing your skill set improves employability.
Internship	Temporary training position	Formal, common	He completed an internship last summer.
Resignation	Voluntary quitting of a job	Formal, neutral	She submitted her resignation last month.
Downsizing	Reducing number of employees	Negative, formal	The company announced downsizing to cut costs.
Work ethic	Attitude toward work	Positive, informal	A strong work ethic is valued in all professions.
Sabbatical	Extended break from work	Formal, positive	She took a sabbatical to travel abroad.

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Career advancement	Progressing in a job	Positive, formal	She seeks career advancement through training.
Professional development	Improving job skills	Formal, common	Professional development is encouraged at work.
Job responsibilities	Tasks required in a role	Neutral, formal	His job responsibilities include managing staff.
Work-life balance	Managing work and personal life	Positive, modern	Maintaining work-life balance reduces stress.
Temporary position	Short-term job	Neutral, common	She took a temporary position during summer.
Networking	Building professional contacts	Positive, informal	Networking is key to career growth.
Corporate culture	Values and behaviors in a company	Neutral, formal	Corporate culture affects employee satisfaction.
Performance review	Evaluation of work	Formal, common	He received positive feedback in his performance review.
Job market	Availability of jobs	Neutral, common	The job market is competitive this year.
Salary package	Total pay and benefits	Formal, common	The salary package includes bonuses and insurance.
Career path	Progression of jobs in life	Neutral, formal	She is considering a new career path.
Promotion	Moving to a higher job position	Positive, common	He earned a promotion after two years.
Job security	Stability of employment	Positive, common	Job security is important to employees.
Freelance work	Independent contracting	Neutral, common	She prefers freelance work for flexibility.
Skill set	Range of skills	Neutral, common	Developing your skill set improves employability.
Internship	Temporary training position	Formal, common	He completed an internship last summer.
Resignation	Voluntary quitting of a job	Formal, neutral	She submitted her resignation last month.
Downsizing	Reducing number of employees	Negative, formal	The company announced downsizing to cut costs.
Work ethic	Attitude toward work	Positive, informal	A strong work ethic is valued in all professions.
Sabbatical	Extended break from work	Formal, positive	She took a sabbatical to travel abroad.

Aging & Death

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Senior citizen	Older adult	Polite, respectful	Senior citizens often get discounts on transport.
Golden years	Later years of life	Positive, nostalgic	He enjoys his golden years with family.
Passed away	Died	Polite, gentle	Her grandfather passed away peacefully.
Resting in peace	Euphemism for death	Polite, common	May she rest in peace.
Departed	Someone who has died	Polite, formal	We remember the departed with respect.
Senior moments	Forgetfulness in old age	Informal, humorous	I’m having senior moments lately!
In one’s prime	At peak age or health	Positive, formal	She was in her prime during the 1980s.
Advanced in years	Old	Polite, formal	He is advanced in years but still active.
End of life	Final phase of life	Polite, formal	Hospice care supports patients at the end of life.
Late	Deceased person	Polite, formal	The late professor was well respected.
Passing	Death	Polite, informal	The news of his passing saddened many.
Aging gracefully	Growing old with dignity	Positive, respectful	She is aging gracefully and stays active.
Life expectancy	Average length of life	Neutral, formal	Life expectancy has increased globally.
Life after death	Concept of existence beyond death	Formal, spiritual	Many religions teach about life after death.
Obituary	Death announcement	Formal, neutral	The obituary was published in the local newspaper.
Cremation	Burning the body after death	Neutral, formal	The family chose cremation as the funeral option.
Grief counseling	Support after a death	Formal, supportive	Grief counseling helps people cope with loss.
Legacy	What someone leaves behind	Positive, formal	His legacy lives on through his work.
Nursing home	Residential care for elderly	Neutral, sometimes negative	She moved to a nursing home last year.
Hospice care	Palliative care for terminally ill	Formal, supportive	Hospice care focuses on comfort and dignity.

Relationships & Dating

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Seeing someone	Dating someone casually	Informal, polite	Are you seeing anyone these days?
Significant other	Partner or spouse	Neutral, polite	She introduced her significant other at the party.
Getting to know each other	Early phase of a relationship	Neutral, casual	They’re just getting to know each other.
Going steady	Exclusive dating	Slightly old-fashioned	They started going steady last year.
Break up	End a relationship	Neutral, common	They decided to break up amicably.
On the rocks	Relationship in trouble	Informal, metaphorical	Their marriage has been on the rocks lately.
Lovebirds	Couple showing affection	Informal, affectionate	Look at those lovebirds at the café!
Seeing other people	Dating multiple people	Casual, honest	She’s seeing other people right now.
Blind date	Date without prior meeting	Neutral, common	He went on a blind date last weekend.
Chemistry	Mutual attraction	Positive, informal	They had great chemistry from the start.
Break the ice	Start conversation	Informal, social	He told a joke to break the ice on the date.
Going Dutch	Each pays their own share	Neutral, common	They decided to go Dutch on their first date.
Soulmate	Perfect romantic partner	Positive, romantic	Many believe they will find their soulmate one day.
Play hard to get	Pretending disinterest	Informal, playful	She played hard to get to test his interest.
Love at first sight	Immediate attraction	Positive, romantic	They experienced love at first sight.
Puppy love	Early, innocent love	Informal, slightly dismissive	Their relationship was just puppy love.
On again, off again	Relationship with many breaks	Informal, descriptive	They’ve had an on-again, off-again relationship.
Moving in together	Starting to live as a couple	Neutral, modern	They’re moving in together next month.
Taking things slow	Gradually progressing relationship	Positive, cautious	They’re taking things slow before committing.
Partner in crime	Playful term for a close companion	Informal, affectionate	She’s my partner in crime for all adventures.

Family & Parenting

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Bundle of joy	New baby	Positive, affectionate	They welcomed a new bundle of joy last week.
Little one	Child	Polite, affectionate	The little one is learning to walk.
Parenting journey	Experience of raising children	Positive, broad	Every parent’s journey is unique.
Quality time	Meaningful family time	Positive, common	They spend quality time together on weekends.
Hands-on parent	Actively involved in parenting	Positive, informal	She’s a very hands-on parent.
Empty nest	When children leave home	Neutral, emotional	They are adjusting to the empty nest phase.
Family matters	Important family issues	Neutral, formal	Family matters should always come first.
Work-family balance	Managing work and family life	Positive, common	She struggles with work-family balance.
Child’s development	Growth and learning of a child	Formal, neutral	The child’s development is progressing well.
Baby bump	Pregnant belly	Informal, affectionate	She showed off her baby bump at the party.
Parental leave	Time off work to care for baby	Formal, common	He took parental leave after the birth.
Sibling rivalry	Conflict between brothers/sisters	Neutral, common	Sibling rivalry is normal among children.
Nurturing environment	Supportive home	Positive, formal	A nurturing environment helps children thrive.
Generation gap	Differences between age groups	Neutral, common	The generation gap can cause misunderstandings.
Family ties	Relationships between family members	Neutral, formal	Strong family ties create support networks.
Step-parent	Partner of a child’s parent	Neutral, common	She is a loving step-parent to her husband’s kids.
Foster care	Temporary care for children	Formal, social	Many children benefit from foster care.
Baby steps	Small progress	Informal, positive	He’s taking baby steps in learning to read.
Household chores	Tasks at home	Neutral, common	Children should help with household chores.
Raising kids	Bringing up children	Informal, common	Raising kids is challenging but rewarding.

Economics & Money

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Financially comfortable	Having enough money	Positive, formal	They are financially comfortable after years of saving.
Cost-effective	Economical, saving money	Positive, business	Solar panels are a cost-effective energy solution.
Budget-friendly	Affordable	Positive, informal	We stayed at a budget-friendly hotel.
Economic downturn	Period of economic decline	Neutral, formal	The country faced an economic downturn last year.
Fiscal responsibility	Managing money wisely	Positive, formal	Fiscal responsibility is key for governments.
Disposable income	Money left after expenses	Neutral, economic	Disposable income allows for leisure activities.
Rainy day fund	Savings for emergencies	Informal, positive	It’s important to have a rainy day fund.
Debt consolidation	Combining debts to manage better	Formal, financial	Debt consolidation helped him reduce payments.
Economic stimulus	Government spending to boost economy	Formal, political	The economic stimulus package was introduced in 2023.
Asset management	Handling of investments	Formal, business	Good asset management increases wealth.
Living paycheck to paycheck	Barely managing expenses	Negative, descriptive	Many people live paycheck to paycheck.
Credit crunch	Difficulty borrowing money	Negative, financial	The credit crunch affected small businesses.
Market correction	Adjustment of stock prices	Neutral, financial	The market correction was expected after rapid growth.
Wealth management	Managing personal finances	Formal, financial	Wealth management services are available for clients.
Economic disparity	Gap between rich and poor	Neutral, social	Economic disparity is a major issue globally.
Income bracket	Range of income levels	Neutral, demographic	They belong to the middle-income bracket.
Financial literacy	Knowledge of money management	Positive, educational	Financial literacy should be taught in schools.
Retirement fund	Savings for after work life	Neutral, formal	She contributes monthly to her retirement fund.
Investment portfolio	Collection of investments	Formal, financial	Diversify your investment portfolio for safety.
Economic recovery	Improvement after downturn	Positive, formal	Signs of economic recovery are visible.

Law & Justice

Euphemism	Meaning	Tip on Usage	Sample Sentence
Legal proceedings	Court cases	Formal, neutral	The legal proceedings lasted several months.
Law enforcement	Police and authorities	Formal, neutral	Law enforcement is investigating the case.
Under investigation	Being examined by authorities	Neutral, formal	The company is under investigation for fraud.
Plea bargain	Agreement to plead guilty for lesser charge	Formal, legal	He accepted a plea bargain to reduce his sentence.
Due process	Fair legal treatment	Formal, legal	Everyone deserves due process under the law.
Restorative justice	Repairing harm caused by crime	Positive, legal	Restorative justice helps victims and offenders.
Community service	Punishment by unpaid work	Neutral, legal	He was sentenced to community service.
Juvenile offender	Young person who committed a crime	Formal, legal	The juvenile offender was given a warning.
Probation	Conditional freedom after conviction	Formal, legal	She is on probation for two years.
Law-abiding citizen	Person who respects the law	Positive, neutral	Most residents are law-abiding citizens.
Civil liberties	Basic individual rights	Formal, political	Civil liberties must be protected at all costs.
Sentencing	Punishment decided by court	Formal, legal	The sentencing was announced yesterday.
Bail	Temporary release from custody	Formal, legal	He was released on bail pending trial.
Legal representation	Lawyer or defense	Formal, legal	Everyone has the right to legal representation.
Court order	Official instruction from court	Formal, legal	The court order prohibited contact with the victim.
Arbitration	Settling disputes outside court	Formal, legal	They agreed to arbitration instead of a trial.
Habeas corpus	Right to be brought before a judge	Formal, legal, rare	Habeas corpus protects against unlawful detention.
Due diligence	Careful investigation	Formal, business/legal	Due diligence was done before the merger.
Wrongful conviction	Being found guilty unfairly	Negative, legal	The case involved a wrongful conviction.
Law reform	Changes in laws	Formal, political	Law reform is necessary to

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Euphemisms & Other Useful Vocabulary on contemporary topics (for compositions)

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