Rekisteri

Kielen rekisterit

Käsitteellä rekisteri tarkoitetaan kielimuotoa, jonka käyttö kytkeytyy tiettyihin tilanteisiin tai käyttäjäryhmiin. Siinä missä murre viittaa alueelliseen vaihteluun, rekisteri viittaa sosiaaliseen, käyttäjä- ja tilannekohtaiseen kielen vaihteluun. Rekisterit voivat poiketa toisistaan sanastollisesti, kieliopillisesti ja syntaktisesti. Rekisterejä ovat esimerkiksi puhuttu ja kirjoitettu kieli, yleiskielisomekieli, virkakieli ja eri tiedonalojen kielet, kuten biologian kieli. (OPH)

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Rekisteri on kielimuoto, jonka käyttö kytkeytyy tiettyihin tilanteisiin. Rekisterit voivat poiketa toisistaan muun muassa sanastonkieliopin ja syntaksin suhteen.

Rekisteriltään vaihtelevia kirjoitettuja ja puhuttuja tekstilajeja ovat muun muassa sanomalehtitekstit, uskonnolliset tekstit, viralliset dokumentit, kirjallisuuden lajit, kasvokkain keskustelut, puhelinkeskustelut, väittelyt, radiolähetykset ja puheet.

Puhetilanteen muodollisuus tuo kielenkäyttöön täydempiä ääntämyksiä ja muotoja, ja samalla reduktiotassimilaatiot ja arkikielisyydet karsiutuvat. Puhuja suunnittelee sanottavansa huolellisemmin, jolloin puhetilanteen syntaktiset rakenteet ovat lähellä yleiskielisiä normeja. (Wikipedia)

  • BBC: Video on formal & informal English 

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Opiskelija: “Aha, rekisteri. Mitä epämuodollisia ja muodollisia sanoja sitä nyt olikaan? ” Mene tänne.

Rekisteriä tämäkin: How to be polite in English Pälätä nämä läpi parisi kanssa ja vaihda sitten rooleja. Suomalaisen töksäyttelevää rehellistä puhetapaa pitää usein pehmentää maailmalla eli pitää kuulostaa kohteliaammalta.

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Ensimmäisellä kerralla, kun rekisteritehtävä oli ylppäreissä, paranneltavia paikkoja ei osoitettu. Aikamoista hoksnokkaa siis edellytettiin, että löytäisi seitsemän parannettavaa asiaa. Yritä ensin löytää ne itse (kuten kokelaan alun perin piti). Alla on myös versio, jossa parannettavat paikat on osoitettu.

Register Clash (14p)

Your friend asks your help in making their application letter more formal. Find the words and expressions that clash with the overall style and replace them with their more formal synonyms. There are seven register clashes in the letter. (14 p.)

Dear Mr Joyce

I am writing to enquire about the Marketing Assistant job advertised in the Helsingin Sanomat of 10 March.

I have had a lot of opportunities to get new skills in marketing in my present position as a Marketing Assistant with OfficeStars Ltd. I am also kind of familiar with sales and exports. Anyway, I am always searching for new challenges.

Thank you for considering my application. I am available for an interview when it’s okay with you.

Best,

Matt Dawkins

Tässä pohjatekstistä versio, jossa työstettävät kohdat on osoitettu.

Tässä YTL:n antama vastausehdotus.

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Toinen rekisteriesiintymä ylppäreissä oli tällainen “virallistamistehtävä”. Läksynsä oppineena Lautakunta osoitti nyt viilattavat kohdat.

This Does Not Look Right 9 p.

You are applying to a university in the UK, and below is the beginning of your motivation letter. It has register clashes, which have been underlined. Replace the expressions in bold type with a more formal and/or polite one.

Ever since I was ten years old, I’ve known my future career will involve working with people. At secondary school, I grew extremely interested in psychology. Things related to the human mind, like emotions and behaviour patterns are highly intriguing. Since I want to specialise in child psychology and especially learning problems, Johnston University would provide me with the best possible education. My aim is to get as thorough an understanding as possible to be able to help children overcome obstacles hindering them from learning.

Johnston University and its famous psychology department play a big role in research and in education. And, the open curriculum has various benefits. Being able to study a lot of languages will help me to interact and create stronger networks. I am also a bit interested in having social sciences as my minor subject.

Tässä YTL:n antama vastausehdotus.

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Tämäkin tehtävä oli ylppäreissä virallistamistehtävänä:

Cover letter 11 p.

Replace the bolded expressions with more formal ones. Make sure the replacement fits the sentence structure.

Material

  1. Text: Cover letter

1.Mr. Johnson1 p.,
I am writing to apply for the assistant 2.job1 p. advertised on your web page. As requested, I have filled in the application form and attached my 3.work experience list1 p., and two references.

The role is very appealing, and I believe my strong experience at the local newspaper makes me a highly competitive 4.seeker1 p.. My key strengths include:

  • I have successfully 5.helped1 p. both writers and photographers
  • I am familiar with various layout programmes
  • I have excellent social media skills

I can be reached 6.whenever you like2 p. via email at m.meikalainen@email.fi, or by mobile phone +35840123789456.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I 7.am waiting to speak1 p. with you about this 8.work1 p. 9.chance1 p..

10.Best1 p.,

Miitu Meikäläinen

Tässä ratkaisuehdotus Hyvän vastauksen piirteistä

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REGISTER MISMATCH

A formal letter of complaint.

The writer did not quite succeed in writing a formal letter of complaint. Replace the words in bold with another more suitable word or expression.

Hi there!

I am writing to let you know about the bummer we had with our festival tickets. Me and my mates were miffed about the Mockfest in Tampere. The happening took place sometime around the second weekend in August.

So we’ve attended like lots of Mockfests and eeeevery time there are these flaming cancellations. Travis Scott, Lil Pump, whasthisname Gucci Mane- you name it! The tickets cost me an arm and a leg. To tell you the truth – I had worked my butt off for this weekend. It’s not easy to study and work, you know!

Anyways, I want me money back.

Tada.

Victoria Velvet (Lähde: T&T 2020)

Tässä vastausehdotus.

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Register mismatch-tehtävä (T&T 2022)

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Voit mukavasti treenata rekisterivalintoja parisi kanssa vaikkapa suullisella tehtävällä: Miettikää, minkälaista kieltä (ja kielen tuttavallisuusastetta jne. ) käyttäisitte seuraavissa tilanteissa. Onhan toki eri asia jutskata kaverin kanssa, kuin vaikkapa pokkuroida työhaastattelussa. Siis:

That’s Register for you!

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Grammar: Formal English and informal English – BBC English Masterclass

Katso video ja opi. Tässä videon tärkeät pointsit.

Kanadalaiset osaavat muutakin, kuin vain pelata jääkiekkoa. Täällä he kertovat näistä kielen virallisuusasteista. Täällä on myös ihan hyvää settiä asiasta (ope hiukan seipään niellyt, mutta osaa asiansa). Mitä epämuodollisia ja muodollisia sanoja sitä olikaan? Mene tänne.

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Harjoittele Quizletin Match-pelillä arkisempia ja vähän muodollisempia sanoja ja merkityksiä. Relataanko vai patsastellaanko (Quizlet)?

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Rekisteriä kai tämäkin: Fiinimpiä vaihtoehtoja kuluneille ja liiankin paljon käytetyille perusleegoille.

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Epämuodollista ja muodollista sanastoa

Vocabulary: Tavallista sanastoa vs. korkeampaa sanastoa. Aina voit tehdä valinnan.

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Yksinkertaistettu englanti

AECMA Yksinkertaistetussa englannissa ei hyväksytyt sanat ”Use” antaa muita hyväksyttyjä sanoja tai rakenteita, joita voidaan käyttää hyväksymättömän avainsanan sijasta. Huomaa, että nämä sanat tai rakenteet ovat vain ehdotuksia, jotka auttavat sinua. Voit ehkä miettiä muita vaihtoehtoja itse. ÄLÄ Käytä vaihtoehtoista sanaa, jos tämä saa sinut kirjoittamaan hölynpölyä tai epäidiomaattista englantia. Sanat eivät ole kielessä vaihtoehtoisia toistensa kanssa yksi yhteen. Tällaisessa tapauksessa sinun on kirjoitettava koko lause uudelleen.

Tässä sanat Quizlet-kortteina. Tässä PDF-versio.

abandon (v)                                    Use: Stop

able (v)                                             Use: can, approved

abnormal (adj)                              Use: unusual, incorrect, unsatisfactory

abrupt (adj)                                    Use: sudden

absolutely (adv)                            Use: fully

acceptable (n, adj)                       Use: permitted, satisfactory, serviceable

acceptance (n)                               Use: accept

accessible (adj)                              Use: get access to

accommodate (v)                         Use: let

accomplish (v)                               Use: do or commanding verb construction

according to (prep)                      Use: refer to

account for (v)                               Use: is, are

accumulate (v)                              Use: collect

accumulated (adj)                        Use: collected

accumulation – (n)                        Use: quantity, collection

accuracy (n)                                    Use: precision

achieve (v)                                      Use: get

acknowledge (v)                           Use: tell

act (v)                                                Use: is, are occur

action (n)                                         Use: effect, step procedure

activate (v)                                      Use: start, operate

activity (n)                                       Use: procedure, step, work

actual (adj)                                     Use: correct

addition (n)                                     Use, increase, add

additional (adj)                              Use: more

adequate (adj)                              Use: sufficient, correct

adhere (v)                                       Use: bond, follow, keep

adopt (v)                                          Use: Use, follow

advance (n)                                     Use: movement forward, adjust, adjustment

advance (v)                                     Use: move/turn forward

adverse (adj)                                  Use: bad

advisable (adj)                               Use: is best, is recommended

advise (v)                                         Use: tell, must

aeroplane (n)                                 Use: aircraft

affect (n)                                          Use: can cause

affected (adj)                                 Use: dirty, damaged, changed

afford (v)                                         Use: get, give

aggravate (v)                                  Use: make worse/stronger

agitate (v)                                        Use: shake

aid (v)                                                Use: help

aim (n)                                              Use: to, for, give

aim (v)                                              Use: point, try

alarm (n)                                          Use: warning

alert (v)                                            Use: tell

allocate (v)                                      Use: give

allow (v)                                           Use: let, permit

allowable (adj)                              Use: permitted, approved

alter (v)                                            Use: change

alteration (n)                                  Use: change

alternate (n)                                   Use: different, applicable, each other

XXX

alternate (v)                                   Use: go first to XXX, then to YYY: do

among (prep)                                 Use: in, with, between

amount (n)                                      Use: quantity

analyze (v)                                       Use: make an analysis

another (adj)                                  Use: one more, different, add

any (pn, adj)                                   Use: one, if

anytime (adv)                                Use: when

appear (v)                                        Use: show, come into view, be possible,

assume (v)                                      Use: think

application (n)                               Use: apply

approach (v)                                   Use: go near

appropriate (adj)                          Use: applicable

approve (v)                                     Use: get approval

arrange (v)                                      Use: put in sequence, tell

arrive (v)                                          Use: get

ask (v)                                               Use: tell, speak

assess (v)                                         Use: calculate, make an estimate

assessment (n)                              Use: estimate, calculate, find

assign (v)                                         Use: give

assist (v)                                           Use: help

assistance (n)                                 Use: aid

associated (adj)                             Use: their, related, correct

assume (v).                                     Use: think

assure (v)                                         Use: make sure

asymmetric (adj)                          Use: not symmetrical

at least (adv)                                  Use: not less than, minimum

atmosphere (n)                             Use: air

attain (v)                                          Use: show, be

attempt (n,v)                                 Use: try

attendance (n)                              Use: be

attention (n)                                   Use: aid, careful, think

audible (adj)                                   Use: hear

authorized (adj)                            Use: approved

avoid (v)                                           Use: prevent

aware (adj)                                     Use: know, tell

back (adj)                                        Use: rear, aft

back (n)                                            Use: rear, behind

back of (prep)                                Use: behind, to the rear of, aft of

backup (n)                                       Use: alternative, emergency

backward (adv)                             Use: rearward(s)

beginning (n)                                  Use: start, source

begin (v)                                           Use: start

beneath (prep)                             Use: below, lower than

beside (prep)                                 Use: adjacent to

beware (v)                                      Use: be careful

beyond (pre)                                  Use: more

big, bigger, biggest (adj)            Use: large, larger/est

block (v)                                           Use: blocked, cause a blockage

both (adj)                                        Use: the two

boundary (n)                                  Use: limit, edge

branch (v)                                        Use: go in a different direction

breadth (n)                                     Use: width

break (n)                                          Use: stop

breakdown (n)                              Use: stop, failure

bring (v)                                           Use: cause, move, put

briskly (adv)                                    Use: quickly

broadcast (v)                                  Use: transmit

brush (v)                                          Use: a brush, apply

building (n)                                     Use: structure

build (v)                                            Use: assemble, make

bump (v)                                          Use: hit

burst (adj)                                       Use: that breaks open

burst (v)                                           Use: break, come open, apart

bypass (v)                                        Use: go around

calculation (n)                                Use: calculate

call (v)                                               Use: tell

cannot (v)                                        Use: can not

cap (v)                                               Use: seal with a cap

capability (n)                                  Use: can, operation, function

capable (adj)                                  Use: can, approved

care (n)                                             Use: careful, carefully, precaution

carry (v)                                            Use: move

carry out (v)                                    Use: do or commanding verb construction

case (n) (in case of)                      Use: if, occur, then

categorize (v)                                 Use: put into groups

category (n)                                    Use: group

caution (v)                                       Use: tell not to

cautiously (adv)                            Use: carefully

cavity (n)                                          Use: hole, empty space

cease (v)                                          Use: stop

cement (v)                                      Use: bond

center (v)                                         Use: adjust, put, in the center

certain (adj)                                    Use: sure, some, given

certification (n)                             Use: approval

certify (v)                                         Use: write, get approval, approved

chance (n)                                       Use: risk, accidentally

characteristic (n)                          Use: property, quality

check (v)                                          Use: make sure, do a xxx check, measure, examine

choice (n)                                        Use: available, alternative, selection

choose (v)                                       Use: use

chosen (adj)                                   Use: applicable, correct, set

circle (v)                                           Use: move around, go around

circulate (v)                                    Use: let flow

class (n)                                            Use: group

classification (n)                            Use: group

classify (v)                                       Use: put into groups

cleanliness (n)                                Use: clean

clear (v)                                            Use: remove, be clear

clenched (adj)                                Use: held tightly, attached, closed

clip (v)                                               Use: cut, attach with clips

clockwise (adj)                               Use: adverb

close (adj)                                       Use: near

close to (adv)                                 Use: near

closely (adv)                                   Use: carefully

code (v)                                            Use: identify

coincide (v)                                     Use: align

coincident (adj)                             Use: aligned, together, at the same time

collective (adj)                               Use: all, together

combine (v)                                    Use: mix

commence (v)                               Use: start

common (adj)                                Use: the same, usual

communicate (v)                          Use: tell

communication (n)                      Use: speak, tell, hear

comparison (n)                              Use: compare

Compensate (v)                            Use: make allowance

compile (v)                                      Use: make, write, put together

complete (adj)                               Use: full, completed, all completely (adv): fully

completion (n)                               Use: end, complete

complicated (adj)                         Use: not easy

comply (v)                                       Use: obey

composite (adj)                             Use: different

comprise (v)                                   Use: is, are

compute (v)                                    Use: calculate

concern (n)                                     Use: think, problem

conclusion (n)                                Use: end, result, decision

concurrently (adv)                       Use: at the same time

conducive (adj)                             Use: that can cause

conduct (v)                                     Use: do

confer (v)                                         Use: tell

confirm (v)                                      Use: make sure

confirmation (n)                           Use: approval, know, tell

conflict (n)                                       Use: not agree

conform (v)                                     Use: agree

conformity (n)                               Use: agree

confuse (v)                                      Use: make sure, agree

confusion (n)                                  Use: agree, not agree

consecutive (adj)                          Use: one xxx after the other xxx

consequence (n)                          Use: result, because of, effect

consequent (adj)                          Use: subsequent, caused

consequently (adv)                     Use: as a result, thus

consider (v)                                     Use: is/are

considerable (adj)                        Use: large, very much, important

consist (v)                                        Use: have

consistent (adj)                             Use: agree

construct (v)                                   Use: assemble, make

contact (n)                                      Use: touch, hear, speak

contact (v)                                       Use: touch, tell

contribution (n)                            Use: aid, add, give

conventional (adj)                        Use: usual

conversant (adj)                           Use: know

convert (v)                                      Use: change, find

coordinate (v)                                Use: make, do

copious (adj)                                  Use: large quantity

copy (v)                                            Use, write, make a copy

correlate (v)                                   Use: agree

correspond (v)                               Use: agree with

corresponding (adj)                     Use: of, agree with

cover (v)                                           Use: put covers on, give, have

covered (adj)                                 Use: closed, included, cover

create (v)                                         Use: make, cause

criterion (n)                                    Use: decision, condition, think

critical (adj)                                    Use: very important, careful, necessary

cross (v)                                           Use: go across

crosswise (ad;)                              Use: across, horizontally, vertically

curve (v)                                           Use: make a curve

curved (adj)                                    Use: rounded

damage (v)                                      Use: cause damage to, damaged

damp (adj)                                      Use: moist

danger (n)                                       Use: dangerous

decide (v)                                        Use: make a decision

decrease (n)                                   Use: decrease (v)

deem (v)                                          Use: is

define (v)                                         Use: is/are, calculate

defined (adj)                                  Use: specified, given, found

definitely (adv)                              Use: sure, make sure

delicate (adj)                                  Use: easily damaged

deliver (v)                                        Use: supply

demand (n)                                     Use: input, operation, as necessary

denomination (n)                         Use: group, name

denote (v)                                       Use: show

depend (v)                                      Use: if, must agree with

deplete (v)                                      Use: decrease

depletion (n)                                  Use: decreased

describe (v)                                     Use: make, give

described (adj)                              Use: given, specified, identified

design (n,v)                                     Use: make

designate (v)                                  Use: identify, set apart, give

designated (adj)                           Use: identified, make known, given, specified

desire (v)                                         Use: be necessary

despatch (v)                                   Use: send

destroy (v)                                      Use: discard, make unserviceable

destruction (n)                              Use: discard

detach (v)                                        Use: disconnect, remove, disengage

detachable (adj)                           Use: possible to remove

detail (v)                                          Use: give, refer to

detailed (adj)                                 Use: given, careful, full

detect (v)                                         Use: find

determination (n)                        Use: find, decision

determine (v)                                Use: find, give

detrimental (adj)                          Use: dangerous, cause damage

develop (v)                                     Use: start, make, cause

deviate (v)                                       Use: must follow

devise (v)                                         Use: make, find

diagnose (v)                                    Use: find

diametrically (adv)                       Use: opposite

differ (v)                                           Use: is/are different

differentiate (v)                            Use: show, identify

difficult (adj)                                  Use: not easy

difficulty (n)                                    Use: problem, not easy

digit (n)                                            Use: number

diminish (v)                                     Use: decrease

dip (v)                                               Use: put into momentarily

direct (v)                                          Use: turn, point

disappear (v)                                  Use: go out of view, move

disclose (v)                                      Use: find, is, tell, show

discontinue (v)                              Use: stop

discovered (adj)                            Use: found

discrepancy (n)                              Use: difference

discretion (n)                                 Use: be careful, decision, think

dislodge (v)                                     Use: remove, clean, loosen

dispatch (v)                                     Use: send

display (v)                                        Use: show

disposal (n)                                     Use: discard, available, have

dispose (v)                                      Use: discard, put

disregard (v)                                   Use: ignore

distinct (adj)                                   Use: easy to identify, clear, clearly

distort (v)                                        Use: twist, cause damage, put out of shape, bend

distribute (v)                                  Use: apply, give

distribution (n)                              Use: apply, divide, give, supply

disturb (v)                                       Use: move, change

division (n)                                      Use: divide

double (adj)                                    Use: two

doubt (n)                                         Use: not sure, think

downward (adv)                           Use: down

drag (v)                                             Use: pull, touch

drape (v)                                          Use: put

draw (v)                                           Use: make a line

due to (prep)                                 Use: because of

dull (adj)                                          Use: dim, matt, not shiny, not bright

dump (v)                                          Use: discard, put

duplicate (n)                                   Use: copy

duration (n)                                    Use: do, end, time, life

duty (n)                                            Use: task, function

early/er/est (adj)                         Use; before the usual time

earth (n,v)                                       Use: ground

ease (v)                                            Use: move/ remove carefully

effective (adj)                                Use: has an effect

efficient (adj)                                 Use: correct, satisfactory

efficiently (adv)                             Use: correctly, satisfactorily

effort (n)                                          Use: try, force, input

either (adj, pn)                              Use: the two, one of the two

elapse (v)                                         Use: time, after

eliminate (v)                                   Use: remove, stop, prevent, repair

embedded (adj)                           Use: attached, in, included

emitted (adj)                                  Use: given out

employ (v)                                       Use: use

empty (v)                                         Use: remove

enable (v)                                        Use: let

encircle (v)                                      Use: apply, put

enclose (v)                                      Use: around, in, contain

enclosed (adj)                                Use: closed

enclosure (n)                                  Use: contain, include, area

encounter (v)                                 Use: there is/are, find

end (v)                                              Use: stop, complete

enforce (v)                                      Use: must

enlarge (v)                                       Use: make larger, increase

enlarged (adj)                                Use: made larger, extended, increased

enough (adj)                                  Use: sufficient

ensure (v)                                        Use: make sure

entail (v)                                          Use: must

enter (v)                                           Use: go into, write

entire (adj)                                      Use: full or all

envisage (v)                                    Use: think

equal (v)                                          Use: be the same as, be equal, have same value as

equidistant (adj)                           Use: at the same distance

equip (v)                                          Use: have, supply

equipped (adj)                              Use: with, have, assembled, completed

erect (v)                                           Use: put up, move

erratic (adj)                                     Use: irregular

escape (v)                                        Use: come out, release/decrease pressure

essential (adj)                                Use: important, necessary

establish (v)                                    Use: tell, make

estimate (v)                                    Use: make an estimate

evacuate (v)                                   Use: remove

evacuation (n)                               Use: remove

evaluate (v)                                    Use: make an analysis

evaluation (n)                                Use: estimate, calculate, find

evaporate (v)                                 Use: become gas, become dry

even (adj)                                        Use: smooth, symmetrical, equal, flat

event (n)                                          Use: if, result

every (adj)                                      Use: all or each

evidence (n)                                   Use: sign, find, see, shown

evident (adj)                                  Use: shown, find

exact (adj)                                       Use: correct, accurate, satisfactory

exactness (n)                                 Use: precision, correct, accurate, satisfactory

examination (n)                            Use: examine, find

exceed (v)                                       Use: more

exceeding (adj)                             Use: more than

except (prep)                                 Use: not, without, does not include

exception (n)                                 Use: include

exceptional (adj)                          Use: unusual, more than average

exceptionally (adv)                      Use: but, unusually

excess (n, adj)                                Use: too much, more, unwanted

excessive (adj)                              Use: too much, more than the limit

exchange (v)                                  Use: change

exclude (v)                                      Use: remove

excluding (prep)                           Use: not, without, does not include

execute (v)                                     Use: do

exempt (adj)                                  Use: does not include, does not show, has no

exercise (v)                                     Use: use, be careful, make sure

exert (v)                                           Use: apply

exhale (v)                                        Use: breathe out

exist (v)                                            Use: is/are

exit (v)                                              Use: go out of

expand (v)                                       Use: expanded (adj), become larger/longer, extend

expect (v)                                        Use: think

expedite (v)                                    Use: help, send, do xxx fast

expend (v)                                      Use: use

expended (adj)                             Use: empty, used

experience (v)                               Use: get, have, is

explain (v)                                       Use: tell, show

expose (v)                                       Use: get, be open to

exposure (n)                                  Use: touch

extent (n)                                        Use: quantity, lengths or level

exterior (n)                                     Use: external

extra (adj)                                       Use: more

extract (v)                                        Use: remove

extrapolate (v)                              Use: make an estimate

extreme (adj)                                Use: very high, more, very bad, at the limit of

extremely (adv)                            Use: very

exude (v)                                         Use: come out

fabricate (v)                                    Use: make, assemble

face (v)                                             Use: point, turn, is/are

facilitate (v)                                    Use: help, make easier

facility (n)                                        Use: can (or give the name of the facility)

false (adj)                                        Use: incorrect

familiar (adj)                                  Use: know

fasten (v)                                         Use: hold, lock, attach

fatal (adj)                                         Use: kill

fault (n)                                            Use: failure, defect

feature (n)                                      Use: shape, property, quality, different

feature (v)                                       Use: have

feed (v)                                            Use: supply, put

few (adj)                                          Use: not many or give range, number, quantity

figure (v)                                          Use: calculate

filter (v)                                            Use: put through a filter

final (adj) -ly (adv)                        Use: last

finding (n)                                       Use: result, fact

fine (adj)                                          Use: satisfactory, high quality, sharp

finish (v)                                           Use: complete

firm (adj)                                         Use: strong, hard, heavy

firmly (adv)                                     Use: correctly, tightly, satisfactorily

fix (v)                                                 Use: attach, set, stable, repair, install

flagged (adj)                                   Use: has a flag

flattened (adj)                               Use: flat

flaw (n)                                             Use: defect, failure

flush (adj)                                        Use: in tine with, does not come out, makes a Continuous surface, smooth

focus (v)                                           Use: put into focus

fold (n)                                             Use: fold (v)

following (adj)                               Use: follow, subsequent, this these

fore (adj)                                         Use: front

forecast (v,adj)                              Use: think, make an estimate

forget (v)                                         Use: make sure

form (n)                                            Use: shape form (v) Use: make

fragile (adj)                                     Use: easily damaged

free (v)                                             Use: release

free from (adj)                               Use: clean, has no xxx

fresh (adj)                                       Use: clear, new, replacement

fulfil (v)                                             Use: do, operate

function (v)                                     Use: operate; move

furnish (v)                                        Use: give, supply

further (adj, adv)                          Use: more, at a larger distance

gain (n)                                             Use: increase

gain (v)                                             Use: get

gap (n)                                              Use: clearance, distance

gauge (v)                                          Use: measure

generally (adv)                              Use: usually, frequently

generate (v)                                   Use: give, make, supply

generous (adj)                               Use: by xxx (quantity)

generously (adv)                          Use: by a large quantity

gentle (adj)                                     Use: carefully, lightly

gradual (adj)                                   Use: slow and continuous

grasp (v)                                           Use: hold

great/er/est (adj)                         Use: large/er/est

grip (n,v)                                          Use: hold

grow (v)                                           Use: become

guarantee (v)                                 Use: make sure

halt (v)                                              Use: stop

halve (v)                                           Use: decrease to half

hand (v)                                           Use: give

handle (v)                                        Use: move, touch, be careful with

happen (v)                                      Use: occur

harmful (adj)                                  Use: dangerous, kill, cause damage

harmless (adj)                                Use: not dangerous

haul (v)                                             Use: move, pull

hazard (n)                                        Use: dangerous

head (v)                                            Use: point, move, turn

help (n)                                            Use: aid, help (v)

hoist (v)                                            Use: lift

hook (v)                                            Use: attach/catch with a hook

however (adv)                               Use: but

hygiene (n)                                     Use: clean

identical (adj)                                 Use: same

idle (v)                                              Use: operate at minimum power

illegible (adj)                                  Use: can not read

immediate (adj)                            Use: immediately (adv)

immerse (v)                                    Use: put fully into

imminent (adj)                              Use: that can occur in a short time

immobilize (v)                                Use: stop

impair (v)                                         Use: cause damage, decrease

impart (v)                                        Use: apply, give, cause

imperative (adj)                            Use: must, necessary

implement (v)                                Use: do, make

importance (n)                              Use: important

impose (v)                                       Use: put, cause

impossible (adj)                            Use: can not, not possible

improper (adj)                               Use: incorrect

improve (v)                                     Use: make better

impurity (n)                                    Use: unwanted material, contamination

inactive (adj)                                  Use: off, stopped

inadvertent (adj)                          Use: accidental

incipient (adj)                                Use: start

incline (n)                                        Use: slope

including (pre)                               Use: thru, together with, and, also

incomplete (adj)                           Use: not completed

incorporate (v)                              Use: include, have

increase (n)                                     Use: increase (v)

incur (v)                                           Use: cause

independent (adj)                       Use: independently

indicate (v)                                      Use: show

indicated (adj)                               Use: shown

individual (adj, n)                         Use: each, one, person

induce (v)                                        Use: cause

ineffective (adj)                            Use: does not have an effect

influence (v)                                   Use: cause

inform (v)                                        Use: tell

information (n)                              Use: data

ingest (v)                                          Use: eat, drink, go into

ingress (n)                                       Use: go into, entrance

inhale (v)                                         Use: breathe

inhibit (v)                                         Use: prevent, stop

inhibition (n)                                  Use: prevent

initiate (v)                                        Use: start

inject (v)                                           Use: add, put into

injure (v)                                          Use: injury

inoperative (adj)                           Use: does not operate is off

insert (v)                                          Use: put into, be in

inside (adj,n,prep)                       Use: inner, in, into

insignificant (adj)                          Use: not important

inspect (v)                                       Use: make an inspection, examine, look

instability (n)                                  Use: not stable

instead (adv)                                  Use: alternative

instruct (v)                                      Use: tell, write, give

insufficient (adj)                           Use: not sufficient

insure (v)                                         Use: make sure

integral (adj)                                  Use: is part of

intend (v)                                         Use: must

interchange (v)                              Use: change

interconnect (v)                            Use: connect

interfere (v)                                    Use: cause, hit, catch, touch, clearance

interior (n)                                      Use: internal internally

intermediate (adj)                       Use: between (give limits)

interpret (v)                                    Use: tell, make sure, give

interrupt (v)                                    Use: stop

interruption (n)                             Use: stop

intersect (v)                                    Use: point, show

intersected (adj)                           Use: gone through

interval (n)                                      Use: after, gap, distance

inverted (adj)                                 Use: turned, opposite

investigate (v)                                Use: inspection, find, examine

involve (v)                                       Use: include

inward (adj, adv)                          Use: in, inner, into

irregularity (n)                               Use: unusual, defect

isolation (n)                                    Use: isolate

issue (v)                                            Use: come out of

job (n)                                               Use: task, work

join (v)                                              Use: bond, put, attach, connect

just (adv)                                         Use: immediately, near

kind (n)                                             Use: group

knock (v)                                          Use: hit

label (v)                                            Use: identify with a label

lack (n)                                             Use: not, no

laid (adj)                                          Use: put down on, applied

lapse (v)                                           Use: after, when

last (v)                                               Use: continue

later (adj,adv)                                                           Use: subsequent, subsequently

latest (adj)                                      Use: last

latter (n)                                          Use: last

lay (v)                                                Use: put down, on

lead (v)                                             Use: go

leave (v)                                           Use: let stay, keep

left hand (adj)                                Use: left

legible (adj)                                    Use: read, can read

lengthen (v)                                    Use: make longer, increase the length

less (prep)                                       Use: without

liable (adj)                                       Use: that can

liberal (adj)                                     Use: large quantity

lie (v)                                                 Use: be

light (v)                                             Use: set, come on

light-up (v)                                      Use: start

limit (v)                                             Use: keep to a limit

limitation (n)                                  Use: limit

limited (adj)                                    Use: limit

linger (v)                                          Use: stay, be

link (v)                                              Use: connect, attach

list (v)                                                Use: show, give, write

load (v)                                             Use: put a load on, install

localize (v)                                       Use: find

locate (v)                                         Use: find, install, engage, put

located (adj)                                   Use: on, in, found, installed

log (v)                                                Use: write

loop (v)                                             Use: make a loop

lose (v)                                             Use: decrease

loss (n)                                              Use: decrease, leak, find

lost (adj)                                          Use: decrease, find

lukewarm (adj)                              Use: warm

magnitude (n)                                Use: quantity, dimension

main (adj)                                        Use: primary

maintain (v)                                    Use: keep

major (adj)                                      Use: primary, large, most important

man (n)                                            Use: person

maneuverer (v)                             Use: move, control

manipulate (v)                               Use: move, adjust

manufacture (v)                            Use: make

margin (n)                                       Use: edge, allowance, distance, limit, tolerance

mark (v)                                           Use: make a mark

marked (adj)                                  Use: identified

match (v)                                         Use: be in line, make, install

matter (n)                                        Use: material

may (v)                                             Use: can, possible, possibly, not always, think

measurement (n)                         Use: dimension, quantity, measure

medium (adj)                                 Use: moderately

meet (v)                                           Use: is/are in line, engage, touch

mend (v)                                          Use: repair

mention (v)                                     Use: give

message (n)                                    Use: tell, speak, data, indication, display

method (n)                                     Use: procedure

mid (adj)                                          Use: middle

midway (adv)                                 Use: middle position

might (v)                                          Use: possible, possibly, can, always, think

mild (adj)                                         Use: weak, neutral

minimize (v)                                   Use: keep to a minimum

minor (adj)                                      Use: small, less important

miscellaneous (adj)                     Use: other

missing (adj)                                   Use: can not find, not there

mistake (n)                                      Use: error

mix (n)                                              Use: mixture

mobile (adj)                                    Use: movable

moderate (adj)                              Use: moderately

modification (n)                            Use: change

modify (v)                                        Use: make a modification, change

moisten (v)                                     Use: moist

momentary (adj)                          Use: momentarily

motion (n)                                       Use: movement

nature (n)                                        Use: type

nearly (adv)                                    Use: almost

necessitate (v)                               Use: must, be necessary

need (v)                                                                      Use: be necessary

needed (adj)                                  Use: necessary

neither (adj, pn)                            Use: none

never (adv)                                     Use: not, no

nevertheless (con)                      Use: but

next (adj)                                         Use: subsequent

next to (pre)                                   Use: adjacent to

nomenclature (n)                         Use: name

nominally (adv)                             Use: almost

non- (prefix)                                   Use: that is not xxx

nor (con)                                          Use: not… or

normal (adj)                                   Use: usual, satisfactory, correct, serviceable

note (v)                                            Use: write

noticeable (adj)                             Use: feel, see, hear, smell

notify (v)                                          Use: tell

notwithstanding (con)                Use: although

number (v)                                      Use: give/ have numbers

numerically (adv)                         Use. number

observe (v)                                     Use: look, monitor. see, obey

obstruct (v)                                     Use: cause blockage, prevent, clogged, blocked

obstruction (n)                              Use: blockage

obtain (v)                                         Use: get

occasion (n)                                    Use: possibly, possible, if, occur, when

occupy (v)                                       Use: is/are

occurrence (n)                               Use: if

often (adv)                                      Use: frequently, usually

old (adj) Use:                                 Used, remaining

omit (v)                                            Use: do not do, ignore, make sure

once (adv, con)                             Use: one time, when

onset (n)                                          Use: start

onto (prep)                                     Use: on

opaque (adj)                                  Use: not transparent

package (n)                                     Use: container

partial (adj)                                     Use: not fully

particular (adj)                              Use: special, applicable, specially

partly (adv)                                     Use: not fully

pass (v)                                             Use: go through, put, be on, more

passage (n)                                     Use: go through, put through

past (prep)                                      Use: around, through

paste (v)                                           Use: bond

pay (v)                                              Use: write, make sure

peel (v)                                             Use: remove

penetrate (v)                                 Use: go into, go through

per (prep)                                       Use: for each, for every (for “as per” Use: refer to)

perfect (adj)                                   Use: satisfactory, correct, serviceable, permitted

perforated (adj)                            Use; has holes through

perform (v)                                     Use: do or commanding verb construction

period (n)                                        Use: time

periodically (adv)                         Use: at regular times

permissible (adj)                           Use: permitted, satisfactory

perpendicular (adj)                      Use: vertical

persist (v)                                        Use: continue

persistent (adj)                             Use: constant, regular, continued, many

personnel (n)                                 Use; persons

personal (adj)                                Use: persons, you, your

pick up (v)                                       Use: collect, catch

pierce (v)                                         Use: go through/in, make a hole in

pinch (v)                                           Use: hold tightly

place (n)                                           Use: location, position

place (v)                                           Use: put

plan (n)                                             Use: procedure, program, data, schedule

plan (v)                                             Use: schedule

plot (v)                                              Use: make a graph

poor (adj)                                        Use: unsatisfactory, defective, incorrect

pop (v)                                              Use: come. move, open suddenly

portion (n)                                      Use: piece, part

position (v)                                     Use: put, set, install

possibility (n)                                 Use: possible

postpone (v)                                  Use: do not

potential (adj)                               Use: can, possible

pour (v)                                            Use: put

practice (n)                                     Use: procedure

precede (v)                                     Use: come/ do before

preceding (adj)                              Use: before

precise (adj)                                   Use: accurate, correct, precision

preferable (adj)                            Use: better, possible, recommend

preliminary (adj)                           Use: before, initial

premature (adj)                            Use: before the usual time

preparatory (adj)                          Use: prepare

prescribe (v)                                   Use: write, give, approved

presence (n)                                   Use: be

present (adj)                                  Use: be

present (v)                                      Use: give, show

preserve (v)                                    Use: keep from damage, prevent damage to, do the preservation procedure

preset (adj, v)                                Use: set

press (v)                                           Use: push

prevail (v)                                        Use; is/are, usual

previous (adj)                                Use: again, before

primarily (adv)                               Use: primary

principal (adj)                                Use: primary

prior to (prep)                               Use: before

probe (v)                                          Use: feel, examine

proceed (v)                                     Use: continue

process (v)                                      Use: send, do

process (n)                                      Use: procedure, step

produce (v)                                     Use: give, cause

product (n)                                     Use: material, mixture

program (v)                                    Use: do, schedule, program (n)

progress (n, v)                                Use: continue, move

progressive (adj)                          Use: continuous, step by step, increase

progressively (adv)                      Use: in steps, slowly, continuously

prohibit (v)                                      Use: prevent, tell, do not

project (v)                                       Use: continue, show, make a projection

prolonged (adj)                             Use: long

prompt (adj)                                   Use: immediately, fast

propagation (n)                             Use: become larger

proper (adj)                                    Use: correct, correctly, approved

proportional (adj)                        Use: in proportion

protect (v)                                       Use: prevent, seal

protected (adj)                              Use: protection

protective (adj)                             Use: prevent

protrude (v)                                    Use: be above, come out of

prove (v)                                          Use: show, make sure

provide (v)                                      Use: give, supply

provided (con)                               Use: if, when

providing (con)                              Use: if, when

provision (n)                                   Use: have, be, possible, can

provisional (adj)                            Use: temporary

proximity (n)                                  Use: near

purge (v)                                          Use: remove

purify (v)                                          Use: clean

purpose (n)                                     Use: cause

qualified (adj)                                Use: approved

questionable (adj)                       Use: not sure

quick (adj)                                       Use: fast, quickly

quote (v)                                          Use: give

raise (v)                                            Use: lift, increase, retract

random (adj)                                  Use: at any time

rapid (adj)                                       Use: fast

rapidly (adv)                                   Use: quickly

rated (adj)                                       Use: given, specified, correct

reach (v)                                          Use: have

reaction (n)                                     Use: force, effect

reading (n)                                      Use: indication, value, show

readjust (v)                                     Use: adjust

ready (v, adj)                                  Use: prepare

reappear (v)                                   Use: come into view, show

reason (n)                                        Use: cause, because

reassemble (v)                              Use: assemble

rebuild (v)                                       Use: assemble, make

recede (v)                                        Use: go down

recheck (v)                                      Use: do a check

reckon (v)                                        Use: calculate

reclaim (v)                                       Use: keep, get back, remove

re-close (v)                                      Use: close

recognize (v)                                  Use: find, know

recommendation (n)                  Use: instruction

reconnect (v)                                 Use: connect

record (v)                                        Use: write

recover (v)                                      Use: keep, get back, remove

rectify (v)                                         Use: repair, make correct, adjust

recur (v)                                           Use: occur

reduce (v)                                        Use: decrease

reduction (n)                                  Use: decrease, small

reference (n)                                 Use: refer to

referenced (adj)                           Use: identified, given, specified

register (v)                                      Use: show, move

regulate (v)                                     Use: control

regulation (n)                                 Use: adjustment

reinforce (v)                                   Use: make stronger

rejection (n)                                   Use: reject

relate (v)                                          Use: have a relation

relative (adj, -ly (adv)                  Use: related, their, its

relay (v)                                            Use: tell

relevant (adj)                                 Use: related, their, its

reliable (adj)                                   Use: satisfactory

relieve (v, adj)                                Use: release, decrease

remain (v)                                       Use: stay

remedy (n, v)                                 Use: repair, make correct

remember (v)                                Use: write

remnant (n)                                    Use: remaining

remote (adj)                                   Use: far

removable (adj)                            Use: that you can remove

render (v)                                        Use: make

renew (v)                                         Use: put, Use

renovate (v)                                   Use: repair, make clean

repeat (v)                                        Use: do, make, operate

repeated (adj), – ly (adj)             Use: again

replenish (v)                                   Use: refill, add

report (v)                                         Use: tell

reposition (v)                                 Use: put, install

represent (v)                                  Use: show

request (n, v)                                 Use: tell, write

require (v)                                       Use: be necessary

requirement (n)                            Use: necessary

residual (adj)                                  Use: remaining, other

residue (n)                                      Use: remaining

resolve (v)                                       Use: find a solution, make a decision

respective (adj)                             Use: related, their, its, correct

respond (v)                                     Use: operate

responsible (adj)                          Use: approved, must

rest (n, v)                                         Use: remaining, is/are

restart (v)                                        Use: start

restore (v)                                       Use: put back, repair, paint

restrain (v)                                      Use: hold, limit, prevent

restrict (v)                                       Use: decrease, limit, held, prevent, only

result (v)                                          Use: cause resulting (adj) Use: caused

resume (v)                                      Use: start

retain (v)                                          Use: keep, safety

return (n, v)                                    Use: put, send, go

reusable (adj)                                Use: can use again

reuse (v)                                          Use: use

reveal (v)                                         Use: show

reverse (v)                                      Use: turn

reverse (adj)                                  Use: opposite

review (n)                                        Use: examine, look

right-hand (adj)                             Use: right

rim (n)                                              Use: edge, range

rinse (v)                                            Use: remove, flush

ripped (adj)                                     Use: damaged

rise (n, v)                                         Use: increase

roll (v)                                               Use: move, use a roller

rope-off (v)                                     Use: put ropes around

rotary (adj)                                     Use: turn

rotate (v)                                         Use: turn

rotation (n)                                     Use: turn

roughen (v)                                    Use: make rough

round (adj)                                      Use: circular

routine (adj)                                   Use: regular, usual

rule (n)                                             Use: usually

run (n, v)                                          Use: operate

safeguard (v)                                  Use: make sure

salvage (v)                                       Use: keep, collect, repair

sample (v)                                       Use: get, remove

satisfy (v)                                         Use: get, occur

save (v)                                             Use: keep

scan (v)                                             Use: make a scan, inspection, examine

scrap (v)                                           Use: discard

scrape (v)                                         Use: remove

scratch (v)                                       Use: have/ cause scratches

screw (v)                                          Use: install, turn, attach with a screw

scrub (v)                                           Use: clean, remove

scrupulous (adj)                            Use: fully

sealing (n)                                       Use: seal

search (v, n)                                   Use: look for, examine

seat (v)                                             Use: put, install, touch, engaged

secure (adj)                                    Use: attach, install, safety, connect

seek (v)                                            Use: look for, get

seem (v)                                           Use: look as if

seized (adj)                                     Use: can not move, can not turn, caught

select (v)                                          Use: set

separate (adj)                                Use: disconnected, divided, not attached

separate (v)                                    Use: move apart, isolate

serious (adj)                                   Use: bad, important, dangerous

serve (v)                                           Use: control, do

setting (n)                                        Use: adjustment, position, move, set

settle (v)                                          Use: stop, go to the bottom

sever (v)                                           Use: cut

several (adj)                                   Use: different (give range, quantity, number)

severe (adj)                                    Use: bad, dangerous

shall, should (v)                             Use: must

shape (v)                                          Use: make in the shape

sharply (adv)                                  Use: quickly, suddenly

shift (v)                                             Use: move, change

shorten (v)                                      Use: make shorter, decrease the length

should (v)                                        Use: must, if

shrink (v)                                         Use: make/ become smaller

shutdown (n, v)                             Use: stop, close

sight (n, v)                                       Use: view, see, look, point, examine

signal (v)                                          Use: tell, give a signal

significant (adj)                             Use: important

silence (v)                                        Use: operate, stop, hear

similar (adj)                                    Use: almost the same, equivalent

simple (adj)                                    Use: easy

simply (adv)                                    Use: easily, only

simulated (adj)                              Use: equivalent

simultaneous (adj)                       Use: at the same time

single (adj)                                      Use: one

sit (v)                                                 Use: be on/ against, touch

situate (v)                                        Use: location, is/are

size (n)                                              Use: dimension

skilled (adj)                                     Use: approved

slack (adj, n)                                   Use: loose

slacken (v)                                       Use: loosen, release

slap (v)                                              Use: hit slide (v) Use: move

slight (adj)                                       Use: small, light, lightly, almost

slip (v)                                               Use: remove, move

slotted (adj)                                    Use: has slots

slow down (v)                                Use: decrease the speed

smear (v)                                         Use: put apply

smooth (v)                                      Use: make smooth

snag (n)                                            Use: failure, defect

snag (v)                                            Use: catch

snap (v)                                            Use: move suddenly

sniff (v)                                             Use: smell

soften (v)                                         Use: be/become soft

softly (adv)                                      Use: with a small amount of force

soiled (adj)                                      Use: dirty

solidify (v)                                       Use: become solid

soluble (adj)                                   Use: becomes a liquid in

solve (v)                                           Use: find out

sometimes (adv)                          Use: not always, possible, possibly

sort (v)                                              Use: put into groups

sort (n)                                             Use: type

space (v)                                          Use: put apart

spacing (n)                                      Use: distance

sparingly (adv)                               Use: small quantity

spark (v)                                           Use: make sparks

specific (adj)                                   Use: special, specified

specify (v)                                        Use: give, show, tell, write

speech (n)                                       Use: voice, speak

spill (v)                                              Use: fall, flow on to, leakage

spin (v)                                             Use: turn quickly

splice (v)                                          Use: make a splice, attach

split (v, adj)                                     Use: divide, break, open

spontaneous (adj)                       Use: sudden, automatically

spot (n)                                             Use: mark, stain, point, position, location

spot (v)                                             Use: see, find

spray (v)                                           Use: apply with a spray gun

spread (v)                                        Use: apply

spring (v)                                         Use: move suddenly, move quickly

spurious (adj)                                 Use: unwanted, incorrect

squarely (adv)                                Use: at 90 degrees to

squeeze (v)                                     Use: move, hold

stability (n)                                     Use: stable

stabilize (v)                                     Use: become stable

stage (n)                                           Use: step, time

stagnate (v)                                    Use: increase, decrease

stained (adj)                                   Use: stain, dirty

stamp (v)                                         Use: make/have a mark, identify

stand (v)                                           Use: move/stay away

standard (adj)                                Use: usual, approved

state (n)                                           Use: condition

state (v)                                            Use: tell

static (adj)                                       Use: stopped, stable

station (v)                                        Use: put

stationary (adj)                             Use: stopped, stable

steady (add)                                   Use: stable, continuously

steep (adj)                                      Use: x degrees

steer (v)                                           Use: move

stencil (v)                                         Use: write

stick (v)                                             Use: bond, attach

sticky (adj)                                      Use: tacky

stiff (adj)                                          Use: rigid, will not turn/move

stiffness (n)                                    Use: move, turn

still (adj)                                           Use: stay, move, turn, no motion

stimulate (v)                                   Use: increase

stipulated (adj)                              Use: given, approved, specified

stir (v)                                               Use: mix

storage (n)                                      Use: keep

store (v)                                           Use: keep, put

stout (adj)                                       Use: strong, solid

stow (v)                                            Use: put, keep

straighten (v)                                 Use: make/become straight

strain (v)                                          Use: put, cause damage

stress (v)                                          Use: put force, stressed (adj)

stretch (v)                                        Use: extend, pull, make larger

strike (v)                                          Use: hit

strip (v)                                             Use: remove

striped (adj)                                    Use: show/have lines

subject (v)                                       Use: apply, make, cause, do

submerge (v)                                 Use: put into

submit (v)                                        Use: make, send, do

subsequent to (pre)                    Use: after

substance (n)                                 Use: agent, material

substitute (adj, n, v)                    Use: alternative, replace, replacement

subtraction (n)                              Use: decrease, subtract

successive (adj)                             Use: one after the other

suggest (v)                                      Use: tell, talk, recommend

suit (v)                                              Use: agree, be satisfactory for, adapt, adjust

suitable (adj)                                  Use: applicable, correct, correctly

sum (v)                                             Use: add, calculate

superimpose (v)                           Use: move on top of, align with

support (n, v)                                 Use: hold

surplus (adj)                                   Use: too much, not necessary, not Used

surrounding (adj)                         Use: adjacent, near, on all sides

survey (v)                                        Use: make an inspection, examine

suspect (adj, v)                              Use: think, incorrect, unsatisfactory

suspend (v)                                    Use: hang, stop

swallow (v)                                     Use: drink, eat

sweep (v)                                        Use: make a scan

sweep (n)                                        Use: scan

swing (v)                                          Use: move, calibrate

switch (v)                                         Use: set, turn, push the switch

synchronize (v)                              Use: align, adjust, synchronized

tabulate (v)                                     Use: write

take (v)                                             Use: move, remove, read, get, follow, do

talk (v)                                              Use: speak, tell

tampered (adj)                              Use: moved, changed, adjusted

tape (v)                                             Use: put/Use tape

taped (adj)                                      Use: attached, connected, closed with tape, written on magnetic tape

taut (adj)                                         Use: tight

tear (v)                                             Use: be damaged

technique (n)                                 Use: procedure

tend (v)                                            Use: cause

tension (v)                                       Use: tighten, cause tension

terminate (v)                                  Use: stop complete

test (v)                                              Use: do a test

theoretical (adj)                            Use: theory

therefore (adv)                             Use: thus

thin (v)                                              Use: add, mix, make thin

thorough (adj)                               Use: full, fully

threaten (v)                                    Use: be possible, look as if

throughout (prep)                       Use: during

throw (v)                                          Use: fall, hit, discard

tie (v)                                                Use: attach, hold

till (con)                                            Use: until

tilt (v)                                                Use: move/put at an angle

time (v)                                            Use: measure the time

tip (v)                                                Use: move, put

tip (n)                                                Use: end, point

tone (n)                                            Use: sound

torn (adj)                                         Use: damaged

touch (n)                                          Use: touch (v)

towards (prep)                              Use: to

toxic (adj)                                        Use: dangerous, can kill, poisonous

trace (n, v)                                      Use: find, sign

track (v)                                            Use: find, monitor

trained (adj)                                   Use: approved

transfer (n)                                     Use: movement, supply

transfer (v)                                      Use: move, put, give, transmit

transform (v)                                  Use: change

transition (n)                                  Use: change

transport (v)                                   Use: move

trapped (adj)                                  Use: caught

travel (v)                                          Use: move

traverse (v)                                     Use: move

treat (v)                                            Use: put, use, apply, prepared

treatment (n)                                 Use: paint, apply, layer

trigger (v)                                        Use: start, cause

trim (v)                                             Use: cut, move, adjust

trip (v)                                              Use: open, go, release

triple (adj)                                       Use: three

true (adj)                                         Use: correct

tuck (v)                                             Use: put

twice (adj, adv)                             Use: two times

typical (adj)                                    Use: usual, example

U

unable (adj)                                    Use: can not

unattached (adj)                           Use: not attached, loose

unauthorized (adj)                       Use: not approved

uncap (v)                                         Use: remove

unclamp (v)                                    Use: remove, loosen. release

unclean (adj)                                  Use: not clean, dirty

unclip (v)                                         Use: remove

uncoil (v)                                         Use: wind off

uncontaminated (adj)                Use: clean, not dirty

uncouple (v)                                   Use: loosen, become loose

uncovered (adj)                            Use: without a cover, without protection

underhanded (adj)                      Use: not necessary, unwanted, caused without input

under (prep)                                  Use: below, less than, lower than

underneath (prep)                      Use: below

underside (n)                                 Use: bottom

undertake (v)                                 Use: commanding verb construction

undesirable (adj)                          Use: not necessary, unwanted

undo (v)                                           Use: release, loosen

undue (adj)                                     Use: not necessary, too much, more

uneven (adj)                                  Use: not smooth, not symmetrical, not flat

unfilled (adj)                                  Use: not filled

unfold (v)                                         Use: open

uniform (adj)                                  Use: constant, same, equal, correct

unimportant (adj)                        Use: not important

unintentional (adj)                       Use: accidental, accidentally

unlatch (v)                                       Use: release open

unlimited (adj)                              Use: no limit

unload (v)                                        Use: remove, release

unloaded (adj)                               Use: removed, no load on

unlock (v)                                        Use: release, open

unlocked (adj)                               Use: not locked, open

unnecessary (adj)                        Use: not necessary

unobstructed (adj)                      Use: not clogged, free, clear

unpainted (adj)                             Use: not painted

unplug (v)                                        Use: remove, disconnect

unprotected (adj)                        Use: no protection

unravel (v)                                       Use: wind off

unreel (v)                                         Use: wind off

unrestricted (adj)                         Use: no limit, free

unsafe (adj)                                    Use: not safe, dangerous

unscrew (v)                                     Use: remove, release, loosen

unseat (v)                                        Use: remove, open, operate

unshielded (adj)                           Use: has no shield

unstable (adj)                                Use: not stable

unusable (adj)                               Use: can not be used, not serviceable

unused (adj)                                   Use: not used, new

unwind (v)                                       Use: wind off, removed

unworked (adj)                             Use: not worked

up (adj)                                            Use: up (adv)

up to (prep)                                    Use: until, as far as, as much as, thru

upon (prep)                                    Use: on, when

upper (adj)                                      Use: higher, top

uppermost (adj)                           Use: highest upright (adj) Use: vertical

upwards (adv)                               Use: up

urgent (adj)                                    Use: immediately, important, quickly

usage (n)                                          Use: use

utilization (n)                                 Use: use

utilize (v)                                          Use: use

utmost (adj)                                   Use: much, large

valid (adj)                                        Use: correct, satisfactory, that can be used

vaporize (v)                                     Use: make into gas, become gas

variable (adj)                                  Use: change, adjust

varied (adj)                                     Use: different, changed

various (adj)                                   Use: different, more than one, all

vary (v)                                             Use: change, adjust

ventilate (v)                                    Use: be open to the air

ventilation (n)                                Use: air

verbal (adj)                                     Use: tell, hear

verify (v)                                          Use: make sure

via (prep)                                         Use: through

vibrate (v)                                        Use: shake

vice versa (adv)                             Use: opposite, sequence changed

vicinity (n)                                       Use: near

view (v)                                            Use: see

vigorous (adj)                                 Use: fast, heavy, strong, with much force

visible (adj)                                     Use: see, look

vital (adj)                                         Use: important, necessary

wait (v)                                             Use: stop

walking (adj)                                  Use: slow, slowly (give speed)

want (v)                                            Use: be necessary

warm (v)                                          Use: become warm

warn (v)                                           Use: tell

wash (v)                                           Use: remove, clean

waste (adj)                                      Use: Used, of no value, not necessary

waste (n)                                         Use: unwanted/discarded material

watch (v)                                         Use: monitor; look

watertight (adj)                             Use: sealed

way (n)                                             Use: procedure, cause

weakness (n)                                 Use: weak

well (adv)                                        Use: good, satisfactorily, correctly

whenever (con)                            Use: when

whether (con)                               Use: if

whichever (pn)                              Use: which

whilst (con)                                     Use: while, although

whoever (pn)                                 Use: who

whole (adj)                                     Use: all, full

wholly (adv)                                   Use; fully

whose (pn)                                     Use: of which

wide/er/est (adj)                         Use: large/er/est

wipe (v)                                            Use: make clean, make dry, rub

wire (v)                                             Use: connect

withdraw (v)                                   Use: remove

within (prep)                                  Use; in, in less than, in… or less

withstand (v)                                  Use: go through satisfactorily, be resistant to

work (v)                                            Use: do

would (v)                                         Use: will

wrap (v)                                           Use: wind

wrapped (adj)                                Use: wound

wrong (adj)                                     Use: incorrect, unsatisfactory

yet (con)                                          Use: but

zero (v)                                             Use: adjust to zero, be at zero