Mitä meille on opetettu enkun sanajärjestyksestä? Että se on SPOTPA muutamalla lisäyksellä ( Saat toisinaan aloittaa isolla ajanmääreellä eli ASPOTPA ja liikkuva toistutuvuutta ilmaiseva määre poukkoilee ekan verbin kahta puolta ja kielteinen/rajoittava määre alussa aiheuttaa käänteisyyden). Siinäkö se? Kaava kaikille virkkeille, joita elämässäsi tuotat? Päälauseet suoria ja sivulauseet suoria järjestyksestä riippumatta. No, yksi virke saadaan sanajärjestyskokeessa näyttämään hyvältä ja SPOTPAn mukaan rakennetulta, mutta entäs kun virkkeitä pitäisi ladella peräkkäin ihan kirjoitelmaksi asti? Samallako muotilla painetaan vaan? No ei tod! Vaihtelua virkkeiden rakenteeseen tarvitaan ja keinot ovat itse asiassa aika iisejä eli kaikkien ulottuvilla. Tarvitaan vain vähän pyrkimystä tietoiseen vaihtelun luomiseen ja tietenkin kikkoja mitä soveltaa. Niitä opettelemme tällä kertaa. Brace yourself!
Virkkeen rakenne on meille jo aika selvä: päälause pitää periaatteessa olla ja sitten ehkä sivulauseita, jotka kertovat jotenkin lisää päälauseesta tai määrittävät toisiaan. Tärkein oppi tulee tässä: Kun kirjoitat, kaikkea ei aina tarvitse kirjoittaa auki sen pitemmän kaavan mukaan. Menee merkkejä ja tulos on harsoista ja 1300 merkin maaginen raja sen kun lähestyy. Tarvitaan siis kikkoja, joilla ANNETAAN YMMÄRTÄÄ asioita tai ainakin kielioppia eli ilmaistaan kompaktisti asia, joka voidaan lukijan mielessä LAAJENTAA täydelliseksi rakenteeksi. Kun vielä vaihtelee kikkoja, niin tulos voipi olla tiivis mukavasti etenevä teksti, jonka joku muukin kuin oma ope tai Lautakunnan sensori jaksaa lukea.
Tällä kertaa keskitytään virkkeen alkuun. Nyt aletaan rikkoa “sääntöjä” oikein urakalla ja tehdään tekstistäsi vaihtelevaa kaikkien ulottuvilla olevilla konsteilla. Huomaamme alla, että PILKKU on itse asiassa aika tärkeä apuri meille, kun se toimii lauserajana (eli alkaa aina uusi SPOTPA). Nuuskitaan siis kaikki pilkut esimerkeissä. Pyrin esityksessä selkeyteen, joten hiukan joudun yksinkertaistamaan asioita. Klikkaamalla voit avata kustakin kohdasta esimerkit auki. On with the show!
Alkuun –ING-MUOTO. Tämä tarkoittaa usein, että “jotain tehdessään”. Näin voit lyhentää sivulausetta ja seuraava päälause on suora, kuten sen tapana on olla. Erota pilkulla päälauseesta. – Start with the -ing-form
Walking through the park, she enjoyed the fresh air.
Listening to music, I relaxed after a long day.
Running late, he quickly grabbed his keys and rushed out the door.
Reading a book, she lost track of time.
Cooking dinner, he realized he was out of salt.
Driving down the highway, they admired the sunset.
Thinking about the problem, she came up with a solution.
Studying for the exam, he drank several cups of coffee.
Cleaning the house, she found an old photo album.
Waiting for the bus, he noticed a familiar face in the crowd.
Watching the news, they became concerned about the weather.
Working late, she missed the last train home.
Climbing the mountain, they marveled at the stunning views.
Hoping for the best, he waited anxiously for the test results.
Playing the piano, she felt completely at peace.
Carrying a heavy load, he struggled to keep his balance.
Painting the walls, she chose a vibrant shade of blue.
Fixing the broken chair, he used a hammer and nails.
Typing on her laptop, she didn’t notice the time passing.
Preparing for the meeting, he reviewed his notes carefully.
Alkuun INFINITIIVI eli verbin perusmuoto. Tämä tarkoittaa usein, että “tehdäkseen jotain”. Aika yleinen kommunikoitava merkitys. – Start with the infinitive
To improve her fitness, she started a new workout routine.
To finish the project on time, they worked late into the night.
To make a good impression, he practiced his speech several times.
To save money for a vacation, they cut back on unnecessary expenses.
To understand the concept better, she asked for additional examples.
To ensure the safety of the team, the manager implemented new protocols.
To learn a new language, he enrolled in an intensive course.
To avoid conflicts, they established clear guidelines for communication.
To celebrate their anniversary, they planned a special dinner.
To reduce stress, she began practicing mindfulness techniques.
To enhance his skills, he attended several workshops over the summer.
To support the local community, they volunteered at various events.
To achieve better results, the team decided to adjust their strategy.
To surprise her friend, she organized a secret birthday party.
To improve his writing skills, he started a daily journal.
To finish the book by the end of the month, she set aside time each day.
To address the issue promptly, the committee scheduled an urgent meeting.
To find a solution, they brainstormed ideas with the entire team.
To maintain a healthy lifestyle, he follows a balanced diet and exercises regularly.
To make the presentation more engaging, she added interactive elements.
Alkuun HAVING + 3. MUOTO Tämä tarkoittaa usein, että “tehtyään jotain” ja lyhentää avaavaa sivulausetta. Erota pilkulla. – Start with having + 3rd form
Having finished her homework, she went out to play.
Having eaten dinner, he decided to watch a movie.
Having seen the movie before, they knew what would happen next.
Having read the book, she was able to discuss it in detail.
Having completed the project, they took a well-deserved break.
Having missed the bus, he had to walk to work.
Having learned from her mistakes, she approached the task differently.
Having traveled the world, he had many stories to tell.
Having forgotten her keys, she was locked out of the house.
Having written the report, he submitted it to his boss.
Having studied hard, she passed the exam with flying colors.
Having saved enough money, they bought their first home.
Having quit his job, he decided to start his own business.
Having been to the concert, they couldn’t stop talking about it.
Having completed the marathon, she felt a great sense of accomplishment.
Having forgotten the appointment, he quickly rescheduled it.
Having met him before, she recognized him immediately.
Having won the competition, they celebrated all night.
Having lost his wallet, he was worried about getting home.
Having heard the news, they decided to change their plans.
Alkuun 3. MUOTO. Tämä tarkoittaa usein, että “jotain tehneeNÄ“. Paljon käyttömahdollisuuksia. Pilkku fraasin perään päälauseen eteen. – Start with the third form
Informed of the accident, she rushed to the hospital.
Surprised by the news, they didn’t know how to react.
Encouraged by his success, he continued working hard.
Exhausted from the journey, he went straight to bed.
Frustrated by the delay, she called customer service.
Overwhelmed by the workload, he asked for help.
Inspired by the speech, they decided to take action.
Frightened by the loud noise, the dog ran under the bed.
Satisfied with the results, the team celebrated their victory.
Confused by the instructions, he asked for clarification.
Amused by the joke, they all burst into laughter.
Embarrassed by the mistake, she quickly corrected it.
Impressed by the performance, the audience gave a standing ovation.
Confident in her abilities, she accepted the challenge.
Moved by the kindness, he decided to pay it forward.
Shocked by the price, she decided not to buy it.
Excited about the opportunity, he immediately signed up.
Touched by the gesture, she thanked him warmly.
Convinced of his innocence, she stood by his side.
Worried about the future, they made contingency plans.
Alkuun PREPOSITIOFRAASI. Fraasi alkuun pilkulla erotettuna. Fraasi voi olla myös SPOTPAn mukaisella paikalla. – Start with a prepositional phrase
In the morning, she enjoys a cup of coffee.
On the table, there was a beautiful bouquet of flowers.
Under the bed, the cat was hiding.
In front of the house, a tree was decorated with lights.
Behind the curtain, someone was quietly standing.
Without a doubt, she is the best candidate for the job.
At the end of the street, there is a small café.
After the meeting, they discussed the next steps.
With great care, he packed the fragile items.
During the concert, she was completely mesmerized by the music.
In the middle of the night, he heard a strange noise.
By the river, they set up their picnic.
Between the two buildings, there is a narrow alley.
Along the coast, you can find many beautiful beaches.
Before the movie, they bought some popcorn.
On top of the hill, the castle stands tall.
Across the street, there is a park where children play.
In the back of the car, he found his lost wallet.
After a long day, she relaxed with a good book.
Under the bridge, the water flowed swiftly.
Paljon muita fraaseja, joilla aloittaa. Ovat yleisellä tasolla eli ei voida plagiointia epäillä.
Alkuun ADJEKTIIVI. Tämä tarkoittaa usein, että “jonakin” eli pitemmästi “kun on/oli jotain” eli tiivistää mukavasti kerrontaa. Erota pilkulla päälauseesta. Pilkku on ystävämme! 🙂 – Start with an adjective
Happy with her results, she celebrated with friends.
Tired from the long day, he went straight to bed.
Eager to learn, the students listened attentively.
Confident in his abilities, he accepted the challenge.
Excited about the trip, they packed their bags early.
Worried about the exam, she studied all night.
Curious about the noise, they went to investigate.
Grateful for the help, he thanked them sincerely.
Determined to succeed, she worked tirelessly.
Angry at the unfair decision, he voiced his concerns.
Surprised by the gift, she smiled warmly.
Pleased with the outcome, they shared the news with everyone.
Anxious about the future, he began to make plans.
Proud of his achievements, his parents praised him.
Afraid of the dark, the child asked for a nightlight.
Impressed by her talent, the audience applauded loudly.
Ready for the challenge, he took a deep breath and began.
Concerned about the delay, they contacted the airline.
Satisfied with the service, she left a generous tip.
Shocked by the news, he sat down in disbelief.
Alkuun ADVERBI. Siis SPOTPAn T eli tavan määre. Pilkku osoittaa jälleen, että ihan vaikka yksi sana mallaa kokonaista lausetta. Wicked! – Start with an adverb of manner
Hurriedly, she packed her bags and left for the airport.
Quietly, they tiptoed out of the room.
Patiently, he waited for his turn to speak.
Reluctantly, she agreed to go to the party.
Suddenly, the lights went out during the storm.
Eagerly, the children opened their presents.
Silently, he slipped out of the house without anyone noticing.
Carefully, she placed the fragile vase on the shelf.
Lovingly, she prepared a special dinner for her family.
Quickly, they ran to catch the last bus.
Hesitantly, he approached the stranger for directions.
Boldly, she voiced her opinion during the meeting.
Easily, he solved the difficult puzzle.
Gently, she rocked the baby to sleep.
Relentlessly, he pursued his goal until he achieved it.
Proudly, she displayed her art at the exhibition.
Awkwardly, he stumbled over his words during the presentation.
Cautiously, they navigated the icy roads.
Warmly, she welcomed her guests at the door.
Happily, they danced the night away at the wedding.
Alkuun PAIKKAA ILMAISEVA FRAASI. Siis SPOTPAn P. Pilkulla erilleen päälauseesta ja taas on meillä tapa korostaa asiaa, tällä kertaa paikkaa. – Start with an adverb of place
At Madison Square Garden, the concert was a huge success.
In the heart of the city, a new park was opened.
On the rooftop, they enjoyed a breathtaking view of the skyline.
At the corner of the street, a small café attracts many visitors.
In the middle of the forest, they found a hidden cabin.
On the shores of the lake, they set up their campsite.
At the entrance to the museum, a long line had already formed.
In the old town, the streets are narrow and full of charm.
At the top of the mountain, they planted a flag.
In the middle of the desert, an oasis appeared like a mirage.
At the bottom of the ocean, strange creatures lurk in the darkness.
On the other side of the river, a village lay nestled in the valley.
At the back of the store, you’ll find the clearance items.
In the garden, the flowers bloomed in vibrant colors.
On the beach, they spent the entire day soaking up the sun.
At the airport, passengers were rushing to catch their flights.
In the library, she found the peace and quiet she needed to study.
On the bridge, they took a moment to admire the view.
At the top of the hill, the castle stood majestically.
In the small village, everyone knows each other.
Alkuun AIKAA ILMAISEVA FRAASI. SPOTPAn A. Huomaamme, että pilkku on mahtava keino luoda vaihtelua tyyliin. – Start with an adverb of time
In the mornings, she enjoys a quiet cup of coffee before work.
At sunset, the sky turns a beautiful shade of orange.
During the summer, they go camping by the lake.
In the middle of the night, the house was eerily quiet.
On weekends, they like to go hiking in the mountains.
After dinner, they often take a stroll around the neighborhood.
Before the movie starts, make sure to get your snacks.
In the afternoon, the sun is perfect for a beach outing.
At dawn, the birds begin their morning songs.
On holidays, they like to travel to new destinations.
In the early hours of the day, the city is still asleep.
During the school year, students have a set schedule to follow.
At lunchtime, the café becomes very crowded.
Before sunrise, the world is covered in a soft, quiet darkness.
In the evenings, she likes to read a book before bed.
During winter, the days are shorter and colder.
At night, the stars shine brightly in the sky.
On rainy days, they prefer to stay indoors and watch movies.
In the afternoon, the park is a popular spot for families.
After school, the kids usually head to the playground.
Alkuun ONOMATOPOETIAA eli toiminnasta syntyvää ääntä kuvaava sana. Tämä on kuin Granlundin ilmaveivi jääkiekossa: voi toimia kerran, kun sitä vähiten odottaa. – Start with onomatopoeia
(Täällä iso lista ääniefekteistä.)
Bang, the door slammed shut behind him.
Splash, the water flew everywhere as they jumped in.
Buzz, the bees were busy collecting nectar from the flowers.
Creak, the old floorboards protested under their weight.
Click, the camera snapped a photo of the group.
Roar, the crowd cheered loudly during the concert.
Hiss, the elevator moved smoothly between floors.
Ding, the bell rang to signal the end of the class.
Chirp, the birds sang their morning songs outside.
Thud, the book fell to the ground with a heavy sound.
Rustle, the leaves moved gently in the breeze.
Plop, the coin dropped into the wishing well.
Clang, the metal hit the floor with a loud noise.
Sizzle, the steak cooked on the hot grill.
Whoosh, the rocket soared into the sky.
Snore, he was fast asleep and making noises.
Pop, the balloon burst in a burst of color.
Tap, she knocked on the door gently.
Whistle, the referee signaled the end of the game.
Alkuun INTERJEKTIO eli huudahdussana. Herättää lukijan varmasti, mutta kuten muidenkin tyylikeinojen suhteen, toistettuna menettää tehoaan nopeasti. – Start with an interjection
Wow! That was an incredible performance.
Oops! I didn’t mean to spill the coffee.
Yikes! That spider is huge.
Hooray! We finally won the game!
Oh no! I forgot my keys at home.
Bravo! Your speech was inspiring.
Eek! There’s a mouse in the kitchen.
Aha! I see where you were going with that idea.
Ouch! That hurt more than I expected.
Huh! That was a close call.
Oh dear! I didn’t realize it was so late.
Bravo! You completed the marathon!
Geez! That was a loud noise.
Ah! I finally understand the concept.
Ugh! This traffic is unbearable.
Whoa! That roller coaster was amazing.
Hmmm! I’m not sure about this decision.
Oopsie! I made a mistake in the calculation.
Aww! That puppy is so adorable.
Alkuun APPOSITIO eli seuraavan lauseen sankaria kuvaava substantiivifraasi. Jälleen yksi fraasi mallaa kokonaista lausetta. Seuraava päälause voi olla eri aikamuodoissa. Kätevää! Jos on tavis kyseessä, mene epämääräisellä artikkelilla ja jos on julkkis, niin määräisellä artikkelilla. – Start with an apposition
A skilled chef, Maria prepared a delicious meal for us.
An experienced traveler, John has visited over thirty countries.
A dedicated teacher, Mrs. Carter always goes the extra mile for her students.
A natural athlete, Mike excels in every sport he tries.
A passionate environmentalist, Clara advocates for sustainable living.
An avid collector, James owns an impressive array of rare coins.
A talented musician, Ella Fitzgerald, enchanted audiences with her voice. (Oli julkkis, mutta ei ainut lahjakas laulaja maailmassa)
A seasoned gardener, Helen transformed her backyard into a floral paradise.
A gifted dancer, Lily performed with grace and precision.
A dedicated volunteer, Mark spends weekends helping at the shelter.
A committed environmental activist, Rachel campaigns for clean energy solutions.
An esteemed professor, Dr. Wilson, has authored numerous academic papers.
The world-renowned artist, Picasso, changed the course of art history.
The tech guru, Steve Jobs, revolutionized the computer industry.
Alkuun IT IS/WAS-RAKENNE+ THAT-LAUSE eli perinteinen korostustapa. Melkein mitä vaan lauseen osaa voi korostaa tuomalla sen lauseen alkuun ja perään that-lause. Verbi korvataan do-verbillä. Mitä versioita saat aikaan lauseesta: Lennox kissed Lindsay passionately on the pier last Saturday evening. Huomaa sankareiden unisex-nimet ajan hengen mukaisesti, heh. – Start with it is + that-clause
Lennox kissed Lindsay passionately on the pier last Saturday evening.
It was Lennox that kissed Lindsey passionately on the pier last Saturday evening.
It was kiss Lindsay that Lennox did passionately on the pier last Saturday evening.
It was Lindsay that Lennox kissed passionately on the pier last Saturday evening.
It was passionately that Lennox kissed Lindsey on the pier last Saturday evening.
It was on the pier that Lennox kissed Lindsay passionately last Saturday evening.
It was last Saturday evening that Lennox kissed Lindsay passionately on the pier.
Alkuun KIELTEINEN TAI RAJOITTAVA MÄÄRE. Nämähän aiheuttavat sitten käänteisen sanajärjestyksen loppulauseeseen ja ovat korostavia keinoja. – Start with a negative or restrictive adverb (Note the inverted word order)
Never have I seen such chaos. (Cf. I have never seen such chaos)
Rarely does he arrive on time. (Cf. He rarely arrives on time.)
Seldom do we get the chance to relax.
Not only did she finish the project, but she also exceeded expectations.
Hardly had I stepped outside when it started raining.
No sooner had they left than the phone rang.
Scarcely had the event begun when the lights went out.
Little did they know about the upcoming surprise.
Only by working together can we achieve this.
Under no circumstances should you open that door.
In no way could he have predicted the outcome.
On no account should the instructions be ignored.
Not until the meeting ended did I realize the significance.
Only then did she understand the gravity of the situation.
Nowhere have I found better service.
Barely had they finished eating when the fire alarm went off.
No longer will I tolerate this behavior.
Not once did he mention the incident.
At no time was the safety of the passengers in question.
Only after much persuasion did they agree to the plan.
Alkuun LAUSEADVERBI. Ne ovat voimaenglantia. Niillä voit osoittaa, miten seuraava lause liittyy muuhun kirjoittamaasi tekstiin. Ne kertovat kirjoittajan suhtautumisesta asiaansa. Niitä on englannissa helppo käyttää: ne aloittavat virkkeen ja ne erotetaan pilkulla muusta lauseyhteydestä. – Start with a sentence adverb
Maxxin lauseadverbisivu
Helposti muistettavia virkkeiden aloitusfraaseja täällä.
Lauseiden aloitusjuttuja täälläkin. Voit näillä tienviitoilla osoittaa lukijalle, mikä on seuraavan suuren ideasi suunta. Mietipä ite. Ei ole helppoa suunnistaa, jos tienviitat puuttuvat.
Lisää tienviittoja. Lukijasi kiittävät.
Yleisiä lauseadverbeja:
Admittedly Eittämättä
All things considered Kaikenkaikkiaan
As a general rule Yleensä
As far as we know Tietääksemme
Astonishingly Hämmästyttävästi
Broadly speaking Yleisesti puhuen , Suurin piirtein
By and large Suurin piirtein , Yleensä
Characteristically Tyypillisesti
Clearly Selvästi
Coincidentally Sattumalta
Conveniently Mukavasti , Sopivasti , Haitatta
Curiously Kummallista kyllä
Disappointingly Pettymykseksi
Equally Samalla tavoin , Samoin
Essentially Pääasiallisesti , Pohjimmiltaan
Explicitly Nimenomaisesti ; Täsmällisesti
Even so Silti , Siitä huolimatta
Eventually Lopulta , Vihdoin
Fortunately Onneksi
Fundamentally Pohjimmiltaan , Perusolemukseltaan
Furthermore Edelleen , Sen lisäksi
Generally speaking Ylipäänsä , Yleensä
Interestingly Kiinnostavaa kyllä
Ironically On kohtalon ivaa , Ivallisesti
In essence Varsinaisesti , Pohjimmiltaan
In general Yleensä , Tavallisesti
In particular Erityisesti , Nimenomaan
In practice Käytännössä
In reality Todellisuudessa
In retrospect/hindsight Jälkeenpäin ajatellen
Interestingly Mikä mielenkiintoista
In theory Teoriassa
In view of this Huomioonottaen , Silmälläpitäen
Naturally Luonnollisesti
On balance Kaiken kaikkiaan
Obviously Ilmiselvästi
On reflection Asiaa tarkemmin harkittuani
Overall Yleensä ottaen , Kaiken kaikkiaan
Paradoxically On ristiriitaista, että
Potentially Mahdollisesti
Predictably Ennustusten mukaan , Kuten saattoi olettaa
Presumably Oletettavasti , Luultavasti
Primarily Enimmäkseen , Pääasiallisesti
Probably Todennäköisesti
Remarkably Huomattavan , Aivan erityisen
Seemingly Nähtävästi . Kaikesta päättäen
Seriously Vakavasti ottaen , Tosissaan
Significantly Mikä on merkittävää
Specifically Nimenomaan , Täsmällisesti
Surprisingly Yllättäen , Ihme kyllä
Theoretically Teoriassa
To all intents and purposes Itse asiassa , Käytännölliesti katsoen
Typically Tyypillisesti
Ultimately Lopulta , Vime kädessä
Understandably Ymmärrettävästi
Undoubtedly Epäilemättä
Unfortunately Valitettavasti
With hindsight Jälkeenpäin ajatellen , Näin jälkiviisaana
Alkuun MUODOLLINEN SUBJEKTI. Ai jai! Näitä ei voi väistellä KUKAAN ja ne pitäisi vielä tunnistaa, koska niitä on PAKKO käyttää aika yleisissä merkityksissä. Siis IT/THERE-rakenteet. Pahaksi onneksi suomen kielestä ei taaskaan ole apua – rakenne menee enkussa toisin. Hiukan teoriaa on pakko ottaa mukaan. Uskallatko avata tämän osaston? Parasta olisi – ilman et pärjää. (Cue evil madman’s laughter) – Start with a formal subject
Alla olevat perustapaukset pitää hallita ja useimmiten nämä menevätkin “lonkalta” ihan oikein, kun enkkua on jo selkäytimessä aika paljon. – Start with the formal subject
- Muodollinen subjekti IT:
- Ajan ilmaisut: It’s 8.30 pm.
- Välimatkan ilmaisut: It’s a five-minute walk.
- Mielipiteen ilmaisu: It’s fun to go swimming.
- Sääilmaukset: It was rainy yesterday. (NB. There was a rain shower yesterday.)
- Korostaminen: It was two years ago that I met her. (I met her two years ago.)
- Muodollinen subjekti THERE:
- ”Jossakin on jotakin” There is a fly in my soup!
- …on (olemassa) jotakin There are people who pick their nose in public places.
- Sääsubstantiivit There was a strong wind.
- Suomen kieli aloittaa ”jossakin on jotakin”-merkityksen paikanmääreellä.
- Englannin kieli laittaa paikanmääreen loppuun ja esittelee uuden asian epämääräisenä.
- Pihalla oli jänis. – There was a rabbit in the yard.
- Jänis oli pihalla. – The rabbit was in the yard.
- Suomen kieli aloittaa ”jossakin on jotakin”-merkityksen paikanmääreellä.
- Paikanmääre on englannin kielessä SPOTPAn mukaisella paikalla lauseen loppupuolella
- Paikanmääre voi olla myös ”siellä”.
- Juhlassa oli paljon ihmisiä. – There were many people at the party.
- Siellä oli paljon ihmisiä. – There were many people there.
IT-osasto:
Time
- It’s time to go.
- It’s getting late.
- It’s almost midnight.
- It was a long day.
- It’s my birthday today.
Distance
- It’s five miles to the nearest town.
- It’s a short walk from here.
- It’s a long way to the top.
- It was a two-hour drive to the beach.
- It’s just around the corner.
Opinion
- It’s important to stay focused.
- It’s surprising that she won.
- It’s interesting how they solved the problem.
- It was a great idea to start the project.
- It’s clear that he’s talented.
Weather
- It’s raining outside.
- It’s cold today.
- It was a sunny day yesterday.
- It’s snowing heavily.
- It’s going to be a stormy night.
Emphasis
- It is you who must decide.
- It was John who called earlier.
- It is the dedication that makes the difference.
- It was at that moment that everything changed.
- It is crucial that we act now.
THERE-osasto:
There is a letter waiting for you in the mailbox. (“jossakin on jotain = paikanmääre loppuun)
There are several tasks that need your attention. (” on jotain” – paikkaa ei suinkaan aina ilmaista)
There was a slight delay in the delivery.
There were a lot of questions after the presentation.
There is a meeting scheduled for tomorrow.
There are many benefits to joining this program.
There was confusion about the start time.
There were numerous complaints from customers.
There is a new restaurant opening downtown.
There are countless stars in the night sky.
There was a change in the itinerary.
There were signs of improvement in the economy.
There is always hope, even in difficult times.
There are alternatives that we can consider.
There was excitement in the air before the event.
There were rumors of a merger between the two companies.
There is a strange noise coming from the attic.
There are challenges ahead, but we can overcome them.
There was a surprise waiting for her at home.
There were reports of severe weather in the area.
Sitten vielä nämä tapaukset “Siellä on/oli …” eli se kummallinen 2 there-sanaa lauseen alussa ja lopussa. Eka there on muodollinen subjekti ja lopun there on konkreettinen paikka (joka on vaan korvattu there-sanalla). Studeeraa (ruotsiksi studera) esimerkit. Eka versiossa asia esitellään ja toka versiossa siis tiedetään, mihin lopun there viittaa.
There was excellent service in the restaurant.
There was excellent service there. (korvaa ravintolan)
There were many tourists in the city.
There were many tourists there. (korvaa kaupungin)
There was a beautiful fountain in the park.
There was a beautiful fountain there.
There was a lively atmosphere at the market.
There was a lively atmosphere there.
There were new performances at the theater.
There were new performances there.
There was a quiet atmosphere in the library.
There was a quiet atmosphere there.
· There were long lines at the airport.
There were long lines there.
There was an interesting exhibit in the museum.
There was an interesting exhibit there.
There was a lot of noise in the classroom.
There was a lot of noise there.
There were happy children at the beach.
There were happy children there.
There was a peaceful atmosphere in the church.
There was a peaceful atmosphere there.
There was a new teacher at school today.
There was a new teacher there today.
There was a great selection at the flea market.
There was a great selection there.
There were beautiful decorations in the banquet hall.
There were beautiful decorations there.
There was an excited crowd at the concert.
There was an excited crowd there.
Ainahan lause/virke on aloitettava jostain. Yllä enkun eri mahdollisuuksia. Ei tarvita paljon sinniä, että huolehdit vaihtelevia lauserakenteita tärkeään paikkaan. Mikään noista keinoista ei käy monistettavaksi – variety is the spice of life. Eli vaihtelu kuulemma virkistää. Toivottelen kaikille tietoista vaihteluntavoittelua tärkeinä hetkinä! 🙂
Lisää tyylikeinoja työkalupakkiisi – More stylistic devices
Tyylikeino kirjoittamiseen: Metonymia eli osa edustaa kokonaisuutta, kuten Hollywood amerikkalaista elokuvateollisuutta tai The Crown brittimonarkiaa. Yhteys on selvä ja yleisesti tunnettu. Tutustu siis metonymiaan käsitteissä, fraaseissa ja vaikkapa laulun sanoituksissa. – Metonymy in concepts, phrases and song lyrics
Lisää tyylijuttuja: Metafora eli tehdään vertaus kahden toisiinsa liittymättömän asian välillä, kuten My teacher is a monster. Tässä metaforia ja voit keksiä itse lisää. – Metaphors
Tyylikeinoja lisää: Jeesus puhui vertauksilla – mikset siis sinäkin? Vertaukset ovat hyvin ymmärrettäviä tyylikeinoja ja voit keksiä niitä myös itse. Forrest Gump: “My mama always said “Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.” . – Similes
Aina ei voi sanoa asioita suoraan tai täytyy jotenkin pehmentää, joten tarvitaan eufemismejä eli kiertoilmauksia. Here’s the Quizlet.- Euphemisms
Personifikaatio tyylikeinona: Ei-inhimilliselle asialle annetaan inhimillisiä ominaisuuksia – Personification
Oxymorons – Two contradictory words combined to give them a deeper and more poetic meaning, for example Pretty awful.
Sentence starters without a verb – Lause voi alkaa verbittömällä rakenteella: In an attempt to be elected, some candidates will stop at nothing.
Tutuilla sanoilla voit enkussa tehdä paljon. Nämäkin yleiset kaikkien tietämät sanat esiintyvät älyttömän monissa fraaseissa ja merkityksissä, jotka ovat meidän kaikkien ulottuvilla. Enjoy! – Everyday nouns form structures and phrases and are Power English
Phrases that use the respective familiar words You ARE already in command of core vocabulary:
Vocabulary: Sydänfraasit eli havaitsemme, että HEART-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen! – Structures and phrases that use HEART
Vocabulary: Aikafraasit eli havaitsemme, että TIME-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen!– Structures and phrases that use TIME
Vocabulary: Käsifraasit eli havaitsemme, että HAND-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Rahafraasit eli havaitsemme, että MONEY-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Mielifraasit eli havaitsemme, että MIND-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Pääfraasit eli havaitsemme, että HEAD-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Elämäfraasit eli havaitsemme, että LIFE-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Kotifraasit eli havaitsemme, että HOME-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Dead-fraasit eli havaitsemme, että DEAD-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Päiväfraasit eli havaitsemme, että DAY-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Asiafraasit eli havaitsemme, että MATTER-sana on TOSI monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Bisnesfraasit eli havaitsemme, että BUSINESS-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Seurafraasit eli havaitsemme, että COMPANY-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Muutosfraasit eli havaitsemme, että CHANGE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Mahdollisuusfraasit eli havaitsemme, että CHANCE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Silmäfraasit eli havaitsemme, että EYE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Työfraasit eli havaitsemme, että JOB-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Miesfraasit eli havaitsemme, että MAN-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Osafraasit eli havaitsemme, että PART-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Yöfraasit eli havaitsemme, että NIGHT-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Paikkafraasit eli havaitsemme, että PLACE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Numerofraasit eli havaitsemme, että NUMBER-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabukary: Pistefraasit eli havaitsemme, että POINT-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Kysymysfraasit eli havaitsemme, että QUESTION-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Oikeat fraasit eli havaitsemme, että RIGHT-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Tapafraasit eli havaitsemme, että WAY-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Työfraasit eli havaitsemme, että WORK-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Naamafraasit eli havaitsemme, että FACE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Tilafraasit eli havaitsemme, että STATE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Tapausfraasit eli havaitsemme, että CASE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Palvelufraasit eli havaitsemme, että SERVICE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Voimafraasit eli havaitsemme, että POWER-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Pelifraasit eli havaitsemme, että GAME-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary; Nimifraasit eli havaitsemme, että NAME-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Ruumisfraasit eli havaitsemme, että BODY-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Voimafraasit eli havaitsemme, että FORCE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Ilmafraasit eli havaitsemme, että AIR-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Maailmafraasit eli havaitsemme, että WORLD-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Asiafraasit eli havaitsemme, että THING-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Menofraasit eli havaitsemme, että GO-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Pelifraaseja lisää eli havaitsemme, että PLAY-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Tekofraasit eli havaitsemme, että DO-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Lisää tekofraaseja eli havaitsemme, että MAKE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Tunnefraasit eli havaitsemme, että FEEL-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Omistusfraasit eli havaitsemme, että HAVE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Näkemisfraasit eli havaitsemme, että SEE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Ottofraasit eli havaitsemme, että TAKE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Pitämisfraasit eli havaitsemme, että HOLD-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Antamisfraasit eli havaitsemme, että GIVE-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Laittamisfraasit eli havaitsemme, että SET-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: UP-fraasit eli havaitsemme, että UP-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Vocabulary: Pano-fraasit eli havaitsemme, että PUT-sana on tosi monikäyttöinen!
Mieti näkökulma asiaan, jota haluat käsitellä ja aloita virke sen mukaisesti – Pick an angle and away you go
Open-ended sentence starters can help you frame a wide range of discussions, from deep analysis to creative brainstorming! These starters should give you plenty of options for diving into diverse topics and exploring ideas from various angles!
Adaptive: “Adapting to these new circumstances…”
Adaptive: “In adapting our strategies…”
Adaptive: “In adapting to new challenges…”
Adaptive: “In adapting to new conditions…”
Advisory: “It would be wise to…”
Analytical: “Analyzing the underlying causes…”
Analytical: “Analyzing this through different lenses…”
Analytical: “In a detailed analysis of…”
Analytical: “In analyzing the data…”
Challenging: “How might we address the fact that…”
Challenging: “It begs the question…”
Collaborative: “In a collaborative effort…”
Collaborative: “Through a collaborative approach…”
Collaborative: “Through collaborative efforts…”
Comparative: “Comparing various viewpoints…”
Comparative: “When comparing different approaches…”
Comparative: “When comparing this to other models…”
Comparative: “When we compare this with…”
Complex: “In a complex situation where…”
Conceptual: “Conceptually, this can be viewed as…”
Contemplative: “One might wonder…”
Contemporary: “In the contemporary context…”
Contextual: “Contextually speaking, we should…”
Contextual: “Contextually, this issue appears…”
Contextual: “Within this context, we see that…”
Contextual: “Within this specific context…”
Creative: “Creatively, we could explore…”
Creative: “How might we innovate by…”
Creative: “In a creative reinterpretation of…”
Critical: “Critically analyzing the situation…”
Critical: “Critically examining the factors…”
Cultural: “From a cultural perspective…”
Cultural: “In a cultural context, this could mean…”
Curatorial: “Curating insights from various sources…”
Curious: “What if we considered…”
Disruptive: “Considering potential disruptions…”
Dynamic: “Given the ever-changing landscape…”
Dynamic: “Given the evolving nature of…”
Dynamic: “In a dynamic environment, we should…”
Emergent: “Emerging trends suggest…”
Empathetic: “From an empathetic standpoint…”
Empirical: “Based on empirical evidence…”
Empirical: “Empirically, we observe that…”
Encouraging: “Given the circumstances…”
Ethical: “Ethically, one might question…”
Ethical: “From an ethical perspective…”
Evidence-based: “Based on the evidence presented…”
Evolving: “As we evolve in our understanding…”
Expansive: “To explore this fully…”
Expansive: “When we expand our view…”
Experiential: “Based on lived experiences…”
Experiential: “Drawing from experiential knowledge…”
Experimental: “If we experiment with different variables…”
Experimental: “If we experimented with…”
Experimental: “If we test this hypothesis…”
Exploratory: “As we delve into…”
Exploratory: “Exploring the implications of…”
Exploratory: “Exploring the potential for…”
Exploratory: “In exploring various possibilities…”
Forward-looking: “Looking ahead, we might…”
Forward-thinking: “In forward-thinking strategies…”
Foundational: “Building from the basics…”
Foundational: “Starting from the foundation of…”
Foundational: “To truly understand…”
Fundamental: “At its essence…”
Fundamental: “At the core of this issue…”
Fundamental: “At the heart of this discussion…”
Future-oriented: “Looking towards the future, we might…”
Global: “On a global scale, we might…”
Global: “On a global scale…”
Historical: “Considering historical precedents…”
Historical: “In historical context, we see…”
Historical: “Reflecting on historical trends…”
Holistic: “Considering the whole picture…”
Holistic: “Looking at this holistically, we find…”
Holistic: “Taking a holistic approach…”
Hypothetical: “Suppose we were to…”
Hypothetical: “What would happen if we considered…”
Impactful: “Considering the potential impact…”
Inclusive: “Including diverse perspectives…”
Innovative: “If we reimagined the problem as…”
Innovative: “In exploring new possibilities…”
Innovative: “Innovatively speaking…”
Innovative: “Pushing the boundaries, we might…”
Insightful: “An insightful observation reveals…”
Insightful: “Looking beyond the surface…”
Integrative: “By integrating different ideas…”
Integrative: “If we integrate various perspectives…”
Interconnected: “Considering how different factors interconnect…”
Interdisciplinary: “Bringing together insights from…”
Interdisciplinary: “Combining insights from different disciplines…”
Interdisciplinary: “Integrating insights from multiple disciplines…”
Interdisciplinary: “When combining insights from various fields…”
Intriguing: “What if we approached this from…”
Introspective: “Upon deeper reflection…”
Long-term: “In the long run…”
Narrative: “From a narrative standpoint…”
Narrative: “In the broader narrative of…”
Narrative: “In the narrative of…”
Narrative-driven: “In the narrative of this situation…”
Normative: “Normatively, this suggests that…”
Operational: “In operational terms, we can…”
Optimistic: “There’s a strong possibility that…”
Paradigmatic: “In a paradigm shift…”
Personal: “On a personal level…”
Perspective-driven: “From a new perspective…”
Philosophical: “At the heart of the matter…”
Philosophical: “From a philosophical standpoint…”
Philosophical: “Philosophically speaking, one might argue…”
Philosophical: “Philosophically speaking…”
Philosophical: “Philosophically, this raises the question of…”
Practical: “From a practical perspective…”
Practical: “From a practical standpoint…”
Pragmatic: “From a pragmatic angle…”
Provocative: “What if we questioned the norm…”
Quantitative: “Quantitatively, the data shows…”
Radical: “If we took a radically different approach…”
Reflective: “Considering the bigger picture…”
Reflective: “In reflecting on our assumptions…”
Reflective: “In reflecting on recent developments…”
Reflective: “In the grand scheme of things…”
Reflective: “Reflecting on past experiences, we find…”
Reflective: “Reflecting on past experiences…”
Reflective: “Reflecting on these changes…”
Reflective: “Upon further reflection…”
Resourceful: “Utilizing available resources, we could…”
Revelatory: “It becomes apparent that…”
Revolutionary: “If we embraced a revolutionary change…”
Root-cause: “Identifying the root causes…”
Scenario-based: “In a scenario where…”
Scenario-based: “In scenarios where we face…”
Scenario-driven: “Given a scenario where…”
Societal: “From a societal viewpoint…”
Sociocultural: “From a sociocultural perspective…”
Sociological: “From a sociological angle…”
Speculative: “Imagine a scenario where…”
Strategic: “If we strategically consider…”
Strategic: “In terms of strategic planning…”
Strategic: “In terms of strategy…”
Strategic: “Strategically speaking…”
Strategic: “Strategically, it is essential to…”
Strategic: “Strategically, it might be beneficial to…”
Synergistic: “Exploring the synergies between…”
Systematic: “A systematic approach would involve…”
Systemic: “Considering systemic impacts…”
Systems-oriented: “Looking at the system as a whole…”
Technological: “With technological advancements, we can…”
Thematic: “Thematically, this suggests…”
Theoretical: “From a theoretical perspective…”
Theoretical: “From a theoretical standpoint…”
Theoretical: “Theoretically, this implies…”
Transformational: “In a transformational shift…”
Transformative: “If we shift our perspective…”
Transformative: “In a transformative process, we might…”
Transformative: “In a transformative shift…”
Unifying: “In light of the evidence…”
Visionary: “Envision a future where…”
Visionary: “Envisioning a new paradigm…”
Visionary: “Imagine a world where…”
Visionary: “In a visionary scenario, one might…”
- Sinustako tyylimestari? Mikä ettei! Lisää tyylikeinoja legolaatikkosi. – Could YOU be a writer who varies their style and by doing so maximises their potential? Why not! It isn’t rocket science, you know.
- Personifikaatio tyylikeinona: Ei-inhimilliselle asialle annetaan inhimillisiä ominaisuuksia – Personification
- Maxxin sanastosivu: Vocabulary & vocabulary practice – Sanastomateriaaleja lukioajalle, ylppäreihin ja jatko-opintoihinkin (ja ei lopu kesken!)
- Miten olisi tämmöinen avoin fraasi lauseen alkuun? Nämä voivat antaa tärkeällä hetkellä ideaa mieleen. Näyttävät hyvältä lauseen alussa ja pieleen ei voi mennä, sillä lauseen jatko on vain sinusta kiinni. – Sentence starters for compositions
