P3 T3 On first-name terms                                           Etsi seuraavat rakenteet tekstistä ja kirjoita ne tähän. KEY

• Tarkkana: Change is gonna come. / Not a chance!  / It’s up to chance.  = sattumanvaraista
• preposition jälkeen verbistä AINA –ing-muoto

• silly / ridiculous / absurd / unbelievable / comic / incredible / stupid / wacky / crazy /

• to affect X / to have an effect on X
• to influence X / to have an influence on X
• (to effect = suorittaa, panna toimeen)

jatkuva sekaannuksen aiheuttaja               a constant source of confusion

• continuous / endless / eternal / everlasting / incessant / unending / relentless / non-stop / perpetual

Minulla ei ole aavistustakaan                I’ve no idea

• I don’t have a clue. / I dunno.
•  

• YO:ssa kysytään: ‘tehtyään jotain’ = after + -ing-muoto verbistä TAI haviing + 3.muoto verbistä
• After doing my homework I watched TV. / Having done my homework I watched TV.

• has made me wonder : They made me open my suitcase at the customs. / I was made to open my suitcase.
• aktiivissa ei to-tunnusta, passiivissa se on    ’to make someone do something’

 

• ♥ You are my destiny! ♥ I don’t know what fate has in store for me. / a fatal accident / There were three fatalities.

 

 

• (Whether you) like it or not

 

 

• is an intricate part of / an essential part of / a fundamental part of /

 

 

• Unless you bother to change

 

 

• hankkiudu eroon: Lose that silly hairstyle!

 

 

• It seems I’ve made a friend for life. / What God has joined together let no man put asunder.

 

• = viz a viz / An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. / one by one / by and by = vähitellen

• unconscious = tajuton / conscious = tietoinen, to be conscious of X ,
• conscience = omatunto / conscientious = tunnollinen

 

Tavan ilmaiseminen nykyajassa

• are in the habit of + ing
• usually stereotype people
• tend to stereotype people
• often stereotype people
• will stereotype people

Tavan ilmaiseminen menneessä ajassa:

• had a habit of + ing / were in the habit of + ing / used to stereotype / tended to / would stereotype people

 

• I want a second opinion. / I’m of the opinion that … / There was a difference of opinion. / In my opinion…
• The public opinion is pro choice for women.

• were thought of as being intelligent

• (you) were considered to be X / were regarded as X

 

• suora, rehellinen = frank  adj. / frankly adv.
• vilpitön = sincere   / vilpillinen = insincere

 

 

 

• a piece of research carried out at

 

• edellinen/jälkimmäinen = the former / the latter
• Luckily she’s back to her former self.   on jälleen oma itsensä

• the weaker sex / the fair sex / sex discrimination

• to have an influence on X /
• influential = vaikutusvaltainen          Obama is an influential politician. He has a lot of influence.

• Huomaa passiivinen lauseenvastike: relatiivipronomini ja olla-verbi voidaan jättää pois:
• A piece of research that was / which was carried out

 

• to expect / an expectation / expected / unexpected
• I met him on the street.
• I can’t make ends meet = En pärjää taloudellisesti.

• they didn’t get a break

• Al Gore: An Inconvenient Truth
• to comfort / console = lohduttaa
• a consolation prize = lohtutuspalkinto
• My consolations = Osanottoni (suruun)

• wife-to-be ►◄ex-wife

 

• It seems that
• to appear ►◄ to disappear
• My guardian angel appeared on my right shoulder and advised me to turn the other cheek to the bully.

 

 

• The bottom line is / What this means is / In other words

 

• at the (tender) age of 18
• an 18-year-old youth / a youth who is 18 years old / an 18-year old
• a minor = alaikäinen                         to become of age = tulla täysi-ikäiseksi / to be of age

• I want to climb the social ladder fast.
• There were people from all walks of life there.      kaikilta elämänaloilta
• I went to the school of hard knocks.                      kävin elämänkoulua

 

• Yhtäältä X, toisaalta Y = On the one hand, X. On the other hand, Y.

 

 

 

 

 

P3 T4 What makes Finnish kids so smart?                 Etsi seuraavat rakenteet tekstistä ja kirjoita ne tähän. KEY

 

• What’s the score?  / He scores!

• to find out

• one and a half hours / one hour and a half
• homework / housework monikottomia sanoja

• ihmisryhmä määräisellä artikkelilla: The Bold & The Beautiful, the young, the poor,

the unemployed, The meek shall inherit the Earth.

• samalla tavalla abstraktikäsitteitä: the dark, the impossible ‘se, mikä on mahdotonta’

• among other things = muun muassa

• määreet pääsanan edellä yksikössä ja väliviivoilla erotettuna
• a 15-year-old student / monikon epämääräinen muoto:  ­­__ 15-year-old students
• pääsanan perässä ”normaalisti”: a student who is 15 years old / students who are 15 years old

 

• the youth / the young / young people / a young person / a youth / a teenager / a young adult / a 16-year-old
• nuoriso- : a youth centre / youth culture / a youth riot / a youth leader = nuoriso-ohjaaja

 

• That’s way cool!

 

• Kansallisuussanat määräisellä artikkelilla ja isolla kirjaimella lauseen sisälläkin
• Isolla aina myös viikonpäivät, kuukaudet, kielet (=kansallisuudet), juhlapäivät ja minä-sana
• on Monday, in July, Do you speak Spanish?, Jews don’t celebrate Christmas. , I

 

• recently / lately ‘viime aikoina’                     What have you been up to lately?
• the other day (menneistä) / one of these days (tulevista)
• in future =  jatkossa / in the future = tulevaisuudessa

• results which were released                           passiivinen lauseenvastike = verbin 3.muoto

passiivin olla-verbi jää pois ja relatiivipronomini myös

• to take measures = ryhtyä toimenpiteisiin    countermeasures – vastatoimenpiteet
• ruotsin kielessä: att vidta åtgärder (vidta IV)

• to apply for (a job) / (to make) an application / an applicant
• Apply this lotion to your skin for protection from the sun.
• The same rule applies for everybody.            koskee kaikkia
• How is this law applied in practice?               sovelletaan käytännössä

 

• Herbie is a quick study. Louie is a bookworm. Jane is an apt pupil. You could call her an egghead.
• Hey, poindexter, get a life !                           (poindexter = an intellectual, bookish person)

 

 

• in the past few years / in the next few years
• lately = viime aikoina

 

• Initially, = aluksi                                            initial / to intialize = alustaa
• an initiative – aloite / Phil shows initiative at work.    –aloitekyky
• My initials are MP.

• a trainer / a trainee                                        -ee-pääte: tekeminen kohdistuu ao. henkilöön
• an interviewer / an interviewee                     an employer / an employee
• a referee –erotuomari (häneen viitataan, to refer to X)

 

• Elementary, dear Watson!
• elementary / intermediate / advanced
• simple►◄complicated / intricate

 

• a glance / to glance at X                               vilkaista
• to gaze at X                                                   tuijottaa
• No peeking!                                                  Eipäs kurkita!
• Let me take a look at your hurting hand.      ‘annahan kun katson’
• Carlos ogles at babes on the beach.               ‘töllistelee lemmekkäästi’

• the first  1^st / the second 2^nd / the third 3^rd / the fourth 4^th / the ninth / the twelfth / the twenty-fifth

 

 

• Brian is an A student. Sharon is an average student. Bob is a pinhead. ‘älykääpiö’
• George is a basket case. ‘toivoton tapaus’
• Amanda is very bright and a regular egghead.
• Bruce is a smart aleck / a smart ass.            (ark halv) [äly]välkky, älypää, kaikkitietävä tyyppi

• Cock-a-doodle-doo!                                      Kukko kiekuu!
• to keep a journal / diary                                 (vrt. Ra jour ‘päivä’ Bon jour!)

• preposition jälkeen verbistä AINA –ing-muoto

suolainen lakritsi                                                    a salty liquorice

• myös: salmiac

• each other ei mene monikkoon                    They love each other.
• omistusmuoto ‘toistensa’:                           They seem to know each other’s thoughts.

• listen-verbi saa useimmiten to-preposition:    I listen to the radio a lot. Do you ever listen to classical music? Are you listening to me?
• BTW, to eavesdrop (on X) = salakuunnella aktiivisesti / to overhear X = kuulla sattumalta

 

P3T7 Ireland & Co                                                         Etsi seuraavat rakenteet tekstistä ja kirjoita ne tähän.

• well known / better known / best known

 

• an opportunity / a chance / a possibility / a prospect

 

 

• past / recent / current = contemporary / future
• mennyt / viimeaikainen / nykyinen / tuleva
• kieltäytyä = to decline  / to refuse
• kieltää tehneensä / kiistää = to deny

 

• You were always on my mind.♫
• To my mind we should go.
• Bear in mind you’re minors and not allowed to go to bars.
• That thought never crossed my mind.
• I’d like to give Jack a piece of my mind for what he did.
• Are you in your right mind?  Have you lost your mind?
• Which book are you going to buy? Make up your mind!
• It’s mind over matter. ‘hengen voitto aineesta’
• You read my mind. I was going to suggest the same thing.
• C’mon! Speak your mind! What have you got against me?

olisin lähtenyt työpaikastani                I would have quit my job

• Will you quit that! Lopeta!
• Let’s call it quits. Sovitaan, että ollaan tasoissa.

• immediately / right away / instantly / there and then

• as far as work is concerned / as regards work / as for work

• to employ / an employer / an employee / the unemployed / employment

• a blue-collar worker = duunari
• a white-collar worker = valkokaulustyöntekijä

• He bought it hook, line and sinker! Hän uskoi sen ihan täysin.

• in the past few years / lately

• There’s a lack of qualified labour in many fields.
• This painting lacks meaning but I like the colours.

• If it wasn’t for the fact that …

• six months / twelve months / a year and a half / one and a half years
• You’ve got 24 hours to get the money for the ransom! / 48 hours / 72 hours
• 24/7  ‘koko ajan’
• When shall we meet? How about half seven ( = half past seven)?

 

• work = työ (käsitteenä)                                                                                                work U-sana (=ei laskettava, ei monikkoa)
• a work of art ‘taideteos’
• a job ‘työ’ (työtehtävä)                 I’ve got two jobs.            a job C-sana (= laskettava, yksikkö ja monikko)
• a place of work                             ‘työpaikka’

• short-term ►◄long-term
• in the short run ►◄ in the long run ‘ajan oloon’ (EI: pitkässä juoksussa)

• Many people lay off booze in January.
• Lay off! Lopeta!

• You mustn’t mind what he says. He doesn’t really mean that.
• Do you mind if I smoke?
• Mind the step! Otherwise you may fall flat on your face.
• I’m minding these suitcases for my friend who went to get some coffee.
• Never mind. ‘älä välitä’
• An ice-cream? I don’t mind if I do. ‘kiitos mielihyvin’
• Would you mind closing the door? ‘olisitko ystävällinen’

• myös: to abuse
• an advantage ►◄ a disadvantage
• a benefit  ►◄ a drawback
• There are many pros and cons to this matter. ‘etuja ja haittoja’

liittyä ammattiliittoon                          join a trade union

• Let’s join these two wires and see that happens.                                                          ‘yhdistää
• There’s no need to wait for me. I’ll join you later.                                                       ‘liittyä joukkoon’

ettei kukaan voi riistää sinua                so that no one can exploit you

• exploitation / to take advantage of X

• myös: Olipa kerran …

• a nation / national = kansallinen / international = kansainvälinen
• nationwide / worldwide
• Stephen King is an esteemed horror writer.

parempia työmahdollisuuksia              better work prospects

• = possibilities
• My new company has many prospective customers.
• In retrospect,  I now have to say it didn’t stand much of a chance.   Näin jälkikäteen …

• a decade / a century / a millennium
• We live in the 21^st century.
• Vuonna 2000 alkoi 21. vuosisata. Silloin oli täynnä 20 x 100 vuotta eli 20 vuosisataa.

 

• ’s-genetiiviä saa käyttää: ihmisistä, maiden nimistä, suurista kaupungeista, ajan määreistä
• Joan’s friends / Finland’s nature / London’s sights / today’s paper

 

• in the past few decades

• in short – lyhyesti / in part – osittain / in brief – lyhyesti / in person – henkilökohtaisesti
• in fact – itse asiassa / in fashion / in vogue – muodissa

• demand  ►◄ supply ’tarjonta’

• murtoluvut: one third / two fifths

• all Europe – kaikki eurooppalaiset / North Europe / South Europe / Central Europe / South-Eastern Europe

 

• majority of ►◄minority of enemmistö – vähemmistö
• No minors allowed!
• This song is in A major.
• I majored in English at the university.
• That book is of minor importance.

 

• = would suffer (konditionaalin erityismerkitys: oli tapana) / nykyajassa: will suffer from (futuurin erityismerkitys: on tapana)

P3 T10 Look who’s talking!                                      Etsi seuraavat rakenteet tekstistä ja kirjoita ne tähän.

• We agreed to disagree about the artistic value of Sleepy Sleepers’ music.

• We told creepy stories to each other around the campfire.                                                                karmiva
• That creep left his girlfriend by sending her a text message.                                                                hyypiö

• I don’t have the needed qualifications for this job.

 

• Janet was dressed to kill when she went out in the evening.
• The party was cancelled and there we were: All dressed up and nowhere to go.

• What happened?                                   to happen, happened, happened
• I happen to know how to give first aid.
• I happened on an old friend of mine in a shop yesterday.
• As it happened we both are Virgos in the horoscope.
• These things will happen.                                                  Niin voi käydä.

• I’m impressed! / That’s very impressive!
• Do you trust first impressions?

• -ee-pääte = teko kohdistuu tekemisen suorittajaan
• referee / employee / trainee / trustee ’luottamusmies’

• The worker was sacked due to incompetence.

• a sense of direction                                suuntavaisto
• In a sense you’re right.                         Tavallaan
• I wish someone would knock some sense into her head.
• That makes sense.
• There’s no sense in going out when it’s raining cats and dogs.
• Now you’re talking sense.

 

 

 

• John had to remain in hospital after the accident.
• Led Zeppelin: The Song Remains the Same      ‘Laulu jää pystyyn’

 

 

 

• … are scarce

 

 

• We had some initial difficulties.
• My initials are MP.
• Intimidate the uninitiated!
• My uncle was initiated to the freemasons’ lodge.

• = He’d done his homework on …

• promotion ►◄ demotion ‘arvonalennus

 

hän ei kyllä ole ehdolla                               he’s not exactly in line for

• You’re a fine one to talk!  / You should talk!